我们知道Mysql的主从同步机制实现,还是先来一张主从同步的原理图(这里直接使用最经典的那一张),方便搭建已经遇到问题后的解决,这里忽略讲解binlog的格式,以及write log first等原理。
实现一主多从读写分离的情况下,不推荐使用Docker搭建mysql,这里使用了官方Compressed TAR Archive搭建Mysql单节点的方式,详细可以参考:Mysql8 CentOS7 Compressed TAR Archive安装,这里默认已经搭建了一个主,根据需求搭建了多个从节点,并且已经设置好了 root的账号密码,继续:
一、主节点库
创建用户同步的数据的mysql用户、设置权限:
CREATE USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Slave123';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* To 'slave'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
flush privileges;
修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf ,增加下面的行(设置群服务id,设置binlog):
# bin log日志
log-bin=mysql-bin.log
# 服务id
server-id=1
#指定同步的数据库,如果不指定则同步全部数据库
# binlog-do-db=kevin-demo
#ignore-db
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=sys
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
重启mysql: service mysqld restart;
登陆mysql并且执行命令查看状态:show master status;
二、从节点库
修改配置文件 /etc/my.cnf, 配置添加如下:
# 指定bin log文件
log-bin=mysql-bin.log
# 服务id, 多个从节点挨着往上加
server-id=2
重启mysql: service mysqld restart;
根据需要是否将从库设置为只读:flush tables with read lock;
根据上面 show master status现在的日志文件和位置设置下面的命令:
change master to master_host='47.94.140.208',master_user='slave',master_password='Slave123' ,MASTER_PORT=3306, master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=155;
SET GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1;
start slave;
使用同步命令查询: show slave status \G
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 47.94.140.208
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 155
Relay_Log_File: iZ2zehtz0jxwu2xvn85bmgZ-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 322
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 1
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 155
Relay_Log_Space: 548
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 42c2b936-c510-11ec-9696-00163e348a08
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 0
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
三、验证同步结果
一定保证slave数据库的 io线程和sql线程都在正常的工作,如下:
如果发现从库sql线程没有执行,此时就需要检查相关库不一样的地方,或者将主库进行dump,并在从库执行保证一致,再在slave执行: stop slave 和 start slave
测试同步:在主节点上创建一个数据库如 : create table ...;
在从库上查询数据库是否已经同步:show tables;