JUnit4 和JUnit3的区别

为了说明JUnit4 和JUnit3 的区别，我们先看代码：
Largest.java: 这是一个测试类

//测试类
public class Largest {
public Largest() {
}
public static int largest(int[] list){//用于求该数组的最大值,为了测试方便，该方法为静态方法
int index,max=Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for(index=0;index<list.length-1;index++){
if(list[index]>max){
max=list[index];
}
}
return max;
}
}

首先看JUnit3 的测试用例：TestLargest.java :

import junit.framework.TestCase;

//这是用Junit3创建的，没有报错。
public class TestLarget extends TestCase {

protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
}

public void testSimple()
{
assertEquals (9, Largest.largest(new int[]{9,8,7}));
}

protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
}

}

然后我们再看用JUnit4 的测试用例：TestLargest.java:

//注意下面的包org.junit.After,org.junit.Before
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
//为了测试自己写的脚本，要引入包：
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.Assert;//assertEquals方法等都在Assert.中

//此种是自己New的一个Junit Test Case, 然后选择了自动添加setUp和tearDown方法。注意在两个方法的前面有两个标记：@Before和@After
public class TestLargest {

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
}

@Test //此处必须加
public void testSimple()
{
//assetEquals(9,Largest.largest(new int[]{9,8,7}));//为什么assetEquals()报错呢
Assert.assertEquals( 9,Largest.largest(new int[]{9,8,7}));//避免上面的错误，要用此种形式
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
}

}

下面的这个是右键 Largest.java，New->JUnit Test Case，自动生成的测试框架（JUnit4），LargestTest.java:

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Test;

//此种方法为自动生成的框架。然后填写代码即可。右键 Larget.java,New->Junit Test Case
public class LargestTest {

@Test
public void testLargest() {
fail("Not yet implemented");
}
}

然后我们自己添加代码即可。
有上面的代码对比，我们可以总结JUnit4和JUnit3的区别 主要有两点：
1. JUnit4 利用了 Java 5 的新特性 " 注释 " ，每个测试方法都不需要以 testXXX 的方式命名 , 运 行时不在用反射机制来查找并测试方法，取而带之是用 @Test 来标注每个测试方法，效率提升
2. JUnit4中 测试类不必 继承 TestCase 了，另外要注意JUnit4和JUnit3引入的包完全不同。
PS：在 Eclipse 中要使用 Junit 的话，必须要添加 Junit 的 library 。
3.JUnit4和JUnit3在测试Suite时也有很大不同： 例如我们有两个测试类Product.java ，ShoppingCart.java ，还涉及到一个异常类ProductNotFoundException.java:

Product.java:

public class Product {
private String title;
private double price;

public Product(String title, double price) {
this.title = title;
this.price = price;
}

public String getTitle() {
return title;
}

public double getPrice() {
return price;
}

public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o instanceof Product) {
Product p = (Product)o;
return p.getTitle().equals(title);
}

return false;
}

}

ShoppingCart.java:

import java.util.*;

public class ShoppingCart
{
private ArrayList items;

public ShoppingCart()
{
items=new ArrayList();
}
public double getbalance()
{
double balance=0.00;
for(Iterator i=items.iterator();i.hasNext();)
{
Product item=(Product)i.next();
balance+=item.getPrice();
}
return balance;
}

public void addItem(Product item) {
items.add(item);
}

public void removeItem(Product item) throws ProductNotFoundException {
if (!items.remove(item)) {
throw new ProductNotFoundException();
}
}

public int getItemCount() {
return items.size();
}

public void empty() {
items.clear();
}
}

ProductNotFoundException.java:

public class ProductNotFoundException extends Exception {

public ProductNotFoundException() {
super();
}
}
下面是用JUnit4 写的测试类：
ProductTest.java:

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.Assert;

public class ProductTest extends TestCase//extends完全可以不写,只是为了把测试方法加入到suite中
{

private Product p;
public ProductTest() {
}

//这是为了AllTests类做的铺垫
public ProductTest(String method)
{
super(method);
}

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
p=new Product("a book",32.45);
}

@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
}

@Test
public void testGetTitle()
{
Assert. assertEquals("a book",p.getTitle());
}

@Test
public void testSameRefrence()
{
//product q=new product("a sheet",12.56);
Product q=p;
Assert. assertSame("not equale object",p,q);
}
@Test
public void testEquals()
{
String q="Yest";
Assert. assertEquals("should not equal to a string object",false,p.equals(q));
}

@Test
public void testGetPrice()
{
Assert. assertEquals(32.45,p.getPrice(),0.01);
}

}

ShoppingCartTest.java:

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class ShoppingCartTest {

private ShoppingCart cart;
private Product book1;

public ShoppingCartTest(){
}
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
cart = new ShoppingCart();
book1 = new Product("Pragmatic Unit Testing", 29.95);
cart.addItem(book1);
}

@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
}

@Test
public void testEmpty() {
cart.empty();
Assert. assertEquals(0, cart.getItemCount());
}

@Test
public void testAddItem() {

Product book2 = new Product("Pragmatic Project Automation", 29.95);
cart.addItem(book2);

Assert. assertEquals(2, cart.getItemCount());

double expectedBalance = book1.getPrice() + book2.getPrice();

Assert. assertEquals(expectedBalance, cart.getbalance(), 0.0);
}

//抛出异常
@Test
public void testRemoveItem() throws ProductNotFoundException {

cart.removeItem(book1);
Assert. assertEquals(0, cart.getItemCount());
}

@Test
public void testRemoveItemNotInCart() {//需要捕捉异常
try {

Product book3 = new Product("Pragmatic Unit Testingx", 29.95);
cart.removeItem(book3);

Assert. fail("Should raise a ProductNotFoundException");

} catch(ProductNotFoundException expected) {
Assert. assertTrue(true);
}
}
}
下面是测试套件的类：TestSuite.java(JUnit4)

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Suite;

//通过下面的形式运行套件,必须构造一个空类
@RunWith(Suite.class)
@Suite.SuiteClasses({ShoppingCartTest.class,ProductTest.class})

public class TestSuite {

}
另外为了在Suite添加一个测试方法，我们可以采用下面的一个办法：AllTests.java:

import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;

public class AllTests {

public static Test suite() {
TestSuite suite = new TestSuite("Test for default package");
suite.addTest(new ProductTest("testGetTitle"));//注意此时ProductTest必须要继承TestCase
return suite;
}

}
作为对比，我们再看一下JUnit3 写的测试类：
productTest.java:

import junit.framework.TestCase;

public class productTest extends TestCase {
private product p;
public productTest() {
}
public void setUp()
{
p=new product("a book",32.45);
}
public void tearDown()
{
}
public void test GetTitle()
{
assertEquals ("a book",p.getTitle());
}
public void test SameRefrence()
{
//product q=new product("a sheet",12.56);
product q=p;
assertSame ("not equale object",p,q);
}
public void test Equales()
{
String q="Yest";
assertEquals ("should not equal to a string object",false,p.equals(q));
}
}

ShoppingCartTest .java:

import junit.framework.*;

public class ShoppingCartTest extends TestCase {
private ShoppingCart cart;
private product book1;
public ShoppingCartTest(){

}
public ShoppingCartTest(String method){
super(method);
}
/**
* 建立测试 fixture.
* 每个test函数运行之前都执行.
*/
protected void setUp() {

cart = new ShoppingCart();

book1 = new product("Pragmatic Unit Testing", 29.95);

cart.addItem(book1);
}

/**
* 销毁fixture.
* 每个测试函数执行之后都运行
*/
protected void tearDown() {
// release objects under test here, as necessary
}

public void test Empty() {

cart.empty();

assertEquals (0, cart.getItemCount());
}

public void test AddItem() {

product book2 = new product("Pragmatic Project Automation", 29.95);
cart.addItem(book2);

assertEquals (2, cart.getItemCount());

double expectedBalance = book1.getPrice() + book2.getPrice();
assertEquals (expectedBalance, cart.getbalance(), 0.0);
}

public void test RemoveItem() throws productNotFoundException {

cart.removeItem(book1);

assertEquals (0, cart.getItemCount());
}

public void test RemoveItemNotInCart() {

try {

product book3 = new product("Pragmatic Unit Testingx", 29.95);
cart.removeItem(book3);

fail("Should raise a ProductNotFoundException");

} catch(productNotFoundException expected) {
assertTrue (true);
}
}
public static Test suite(){
TestSuite suite=new TestSuite();
suite.addTest(new ShoppingCartTest("testRemoveItem"));
suite.addTest(new ShoppingCartTest("testRemoveItemNotInCart"));
return suite;
}
}
下面这个是测试Suite的测试类:TestClassComposite .java(JUnit3):

import junit.framework.*;

public class TestClassComposite {//be a base class,extendding from TestCase is of no necessary.
public static Test suite() { //注意suite的大小写
TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
suite.addTestSuite(productTest.class);
suite.addTest(ShoppingCartTest.suite());
return suite;
}
}
通过代码，我们可以清楚的看到JUnit4和 JUnit2在测试套件时的区别，JUnit4在测试套件时，必须构造一个空类，而且使用Annotation的形式，即
@RunWith(Suite.class)
@Suite.SuiteClasses({ShoppingCartTest.class,ProductTest.class})，而JUuni3则是普通的直接用函数调用，添加Suite。