hibernate查询语言(hql)

在hql中关键字不区分大小写，但是属性和实体类名区分大小写

1、简单属性查询【重要】
* 单一属性查询，返回结果集属性列表，元素类型和实体类中相应的属性类型一致
* 多个属性查询,返回的集合元素是对象数组,数组元素的类型和对应的属性在实体类中的类型一致
数组的长度取决与select中属性的个数
* 如果认为返回数组不够对象化，可以采用hql动态实例化Student对象

// test
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 简单属性查询
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class SimplePropertyQueryTest extends TestCase {

	/**
	 * 单一属性查询
	 */
	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//返回结果集属性列表，元素类型和实体类中相应的属性类型一致
			List students = session.createQuery("select name from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				String name = (String)iter.next();
				System.out.println(name);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 多个属性查询
	 */
	public void testQuery2() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//查询多个属性，其集合元素是对象数组
			//数组元素的类型和对应的属性在实体类中的类型一致
			//数组的长度取决与select中属性的个数
			List students = session.createQuery("select id, name from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]); // 打印  id + 名字
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 返回Student实体对象
	 */
	public void testQuery3() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//如果认为返回数组不够对象化，可以采用hql动态实例化Student对象,通过构造函数构造
			//此时list中为Student对象集合
			List students = session.createQuery("select new Student(id, name) from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getId() + "," + student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 使用别名
	 */
	public void testQuery4() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//可以使用别名
			List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 使用别名
	 */
	public void testQuery5() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//可以使用as命名别名
			List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student as s").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
}

2、实体对象查询【重要】
* N + 1问题，在默认情况下，使用query.iterate查询，有可以能出现N+1问题，所谓的N+1是在查询的时候发出了N+1条sql语句：1)1: 首先发出一条查询对象id列表的sql、2)N: 根据id列表到缓存中查询，如果缓存中不存在与之匹配的数据，那么会根据id发出相应的sql语句
* list和iterate的区别？
* list每次都会发出sql语句，list会向缓存中放入数据，而不利用缓存中的数据
* iterate：在默认情况下iterate利用缓存数据，但如果缓存中不存在数据有可以能出现N+1问题

// test
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 实体对象查询
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class SimpleObjectQueryTest1 extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//返回Student对象的集合
			//可以忽略select
			List students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	public void testQuery2() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//返回Student对象的集合
			//可以忽略select,表可以使用别名
			List students = session.createQuery("from Student s").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}	

	public void testQuery3() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//返回Student对象的集合
			//可以忽略select,表可以使用as命名别名
			List students = session.createQuery("from Student as s").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	public void testQuery4() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//返回Student对象的集合
			//使用select查询实体对象，必须采用别名
			List students = session.createQuery("select s from Student as s").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}		


	public void testQuery5() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//不支持select * from .....这样的查询语句
			List students = session.createQuery("select * from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}		
}


import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 实体对象查询
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class SimpleObjectQueryTest2 extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			/**
			 * 采用list查询发出一条查询语句，取得Student对象数据、
			 * 
			 * Hibernate: select student0_.id as id1_, student0_.name as name1_, 
			 * student0_.createTime as createTime1_, student0_.classesid as classesid1_ 
			 * from t_student student0_
			 * 
			 */
			List students = session.createQuery("from Student").list(); // List集合
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	public void testQuery2() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			/**
			 * 出现N+1问题：迭代接口使用session缓存，若缓存中没有则发出查询语句查找
			 * 
			 * 1：发出查询id列表的sql
			 *   Hibernate: select student0_.id as col_0_0_ from t_student student0_
			 * 
			 * N：在依次发出根据id查询Student对象的sql
			 * Hibernate: select student0_.id as id1_0_, student0_.name as name1_0_, 
			 * student0_.createTime as createTime1_0_, student0_.classesid as classesid1_0_ 
			 * from t_student student0_ where student0_.id=?
			 *  
			 */
			Iterator iter = session.createQuery("from Student").iterate(); // 迭代器
			while(iter.hasNext()) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}	

	public void testQuery3() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			List students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");

			/**
			 * 不会出现N+1问题：list与一级缓存绑定了
			 * 
			 * 因为list操作已经将Student对象放到了一级缓存中，所以再次使用iterate操作的时候
			 * 它首先发出一条查询id列表的sql，在根据id到缓存中去数据，只有在缓存中找不到相应的
			 * 数据时，才会发出sql到数据库中查询
			 * 
			 */
			Iterator iter = session.createQuery("from Student").iterate();
			while(iter.hasNext()) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}

			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	public void testQuery4() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			List students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");

			/**
			 * 第二次再次发出查询sql
			 * 
			 * 在默认情况下list每次都会向数据库发出查询对象的sql，除非配置查询缓存，所以下面的list操作
			 * 虽然在一级缓存中已经有了对象数据，但list默认情况下不会利用缓存，而再次发出sql
			 * 
			 * 默认情况下，list会向缓存中放入数据，但不会利用数据
			 * 
			 */
			students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}

			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}	
}

3、条件查询【重要】
* 可以采用拼字符串的方式传递参数
* 可以采用 ？来传递参数（索引从0开始）
* 可以采用 :参数名 来传递参数
* 如果传递多个参数，可以采用setParamterList方法
* 在hql中可以使用数据库的函数，如：date_format

// test
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 条件查询
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class SimpleConditionQueryTest extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//可以拼字符串
			List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.name like '%1%'").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	public void testQuery2() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

//			Query query = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.name like ?");
//			query.setParameter(0, "%1%"); // 0表示？的位置
//			List students = query.list();

			//可以使用？方式传递参数
			//参数的索引从0开始
			//传递的参数值，不用单引号引起来
			//注意方法链编程
			List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.name like ?")// 用?传递参数
			       					.setParameter(0, "%1%")
			       					.list();

			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}	

	public void testQuery3() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//使用 :+参数名称 的方式传递参数值
			List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.name like :myname")// 参数名 myname
			       					.setParameter("myname", "%1%")
			       					.list();

			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}		

	public void testQuery4() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//使用多个 :+参数名称 的方式传递参数值
			List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.name like :myname and s.id=:myid")
			       					.setParameter("myname", "%1%")
			       					.setParameter("myid", 12)
			       					.list();

			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	public void testQuery5() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//支持in，需要使用setParameterList(数组)进行参数传递
			List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.id in(:myids)")
									.setParameterList("myids", new Object[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5})
			       					.list();

			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}			

	public void testQuery6() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			//查询2008年2月创建的学生
			List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where date_format(s.createTime, '%Y-%m')=?")// date_format 数据库函数对日期进行格式化
									.setParameter(0, "2008-02")     // ?设置参数
			       					.list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}			

	public void testQuery7() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

			//查询2008-01-10到2008-02-15创建的学生
			List students = session.createQuery("select s.id, s.name from Student s where s.createTime between ? and ?")// ?设置参数
									.setParameter(0, sdf.parse("2008-01-10 00:00:00"))
									.setParameter(1, sdf.parse("2008-02-15 23:59:59"))
			       					.list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}			
}

4、hibernate也支持直接使用sql进行查询

// test
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 原生sql测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class SqlQueryTest extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			                   // t_student为表名
			List students = session.createSQLQuery("select * from t_student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
}

5、外置命名查询
* 在映射文件中采用<query>标签来定义hql
* 在程序中采用session.getNamedQuery()方法得到hql查询串

// Student.hbm.xml
<query name="searchStudents"><!-- 外置命名查询,注意名字不要重复，也可以放置在Classes.hbm.xml文件 -->
		<![CDATA[  
			SELECT s FROM Student s where s.id<?
		]]><!-- CDATA使SQL语句大小写无关 -->
	</query>


// test
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 外置命名查询
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class NameQueryTest extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			List students = session.getNamedQuery("searchStudents")// 读取名为searchStudents的Query
								//SELECT s FROM Student s where s.id<?
								.setParameter(0, 10)
								.list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}	
}

6、查询过滤器
* 在映射文件中定义过滤器参数
* 在类的映射中使用这些参数
* 在程序中启用过滤器

//Student.hbm.xml
<filter-def name="filtertest"><!--  定义过滤器  -->
		<filter-param name="myid" type="integer"/> <!-- 定义参数名和类型 -->
	</filter-def>


// test
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 查询过滤器
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class FilterQueryTest extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			session.enableFilter("filtertest")   // 启用过滤器
				    .setParameter("myid", 10);	// 设置参数条件

			List students = session.createQuery("from Student").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}	
}

7、分页查询【重要】
* setFirstResult()，从0开始
* setMaxResults,每页显示多少条数据

// test
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 分页查询
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class PageQueryTest extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			List students = session.createQuery("from Student")
									.setFirstResult(1)  // 设置开始显示记录的序号
									.setMaxResults(2)   // 设置每页最大显示的记录数
									.list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Student student = (Student)iter.next();
				System.out.println(student.getName());
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
}

8、对象导航查询，在hql中采用 . 进行导航【重要】

// test
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 对象导航查询
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class ObjectNavQueryTest extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

            // s.classes.name 对象导航，在hql中采用 . 进行导航
			List students = session.createQuery("select s.name from Student s where s.classes.name like '%1%'").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				String name = (String)iter.next();
				System.out.println(name);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}	
}

9、连接查询【重要】
* 内连
* 外连接（左连接/右连接）

// test

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 连接查询
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class JoinQueryTest extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			// inner内连接，把相等的查询了，可以省略
			//List students = session.createQuery("select c.name, s.name from Student s join s.classes c").list();
			List students = session.createQuery("select c.name, s.name from Student s inner join s.classes c").list();
			// 查询班级的学生，两个类的关系已经在映射文件中说明了
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	public void testQuery2() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			// 左连接把左边表的所有记录查询出来
			List students = session.createQuery("select c.name, s.name from Classes c left join c.students s").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	public void testQuery3() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			// 右连接把右边表的所有记录查询出来
			List students = session.createQuery("select c.name, s.name from Classes c right join c.students s").list();
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + "," + obj[1]);
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
}

10、统计查询【重要】

// test
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * 统计查询
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class StatQueryTest extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

//			List students =session.createQuery("select count(*) from Student").list(); // 返回List集合
//			Long count = (Long)students.get(0); // 获取集合中的第一个元素
//			System.out.println(count);

			// 统计学生数，uniqueResult用于返回单一值
			Long count = (Long)session.createQuery("select count(*) from Student").uniqueResult();
			System.out.println(count);

			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}	

	public void testQuery2() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			// 查询每个班级的学生数
			List students =session.createQuery("select c.name, count(s) from Student s join s.classes c " +
					"group by c.name order by c.name").list(); // 返回对象组
			for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])iter.next();
				System.out.println(obj[0] + ", " + obj[1]);
			}

			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
}

11、DML风格的操作（尽量少用，因为和缓存不同步）(批量更新、删除)
多用于相等静态的数据，变化不是很大，使用很少的数据

// test
import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * DML风格的操作(批量操作)
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class DMLQueryTest extends TestCase {

	public void testQuery1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			// 批量操作,和缓存不同步
			session.createQuery("update Student s set s.name=? where s.id < ?")
					.setParameter(0, "李四")
					.setParameter(1, 5)
					.executeUpdate(); // 执行Update

			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}		
}

// model
import java.util.Set;

public class Classes {

	private int id;

	private String name;

	private Set<Student> students; 

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
		this.students = students;
	}

	public Set<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}	
}


import java.util.Date;

public class Student {

	private int id;

	private String name;

	private Date createTime;

	private Classes classes;

	public Student() {}

	public Student(int id, String name) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
	}


	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Classes getClasses() {
		return classes;
	}

	public void setClasses(Classes classes) {
		this.classes = classes;
	}

	public Date getCreateTime() {
		return createTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
		this.createTime = createTime;
	}
}

// Classes.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping package="com.bjsxt.hibernate">
	<class name="Classes" table="t_classes">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="native"/>
		</id>
		<property name="name" length = "10"/>
		<set name="students" inverse="true" cascade="all">
			<key column="classesid"/>
			<one-to-many class="Student"/>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>


// Student.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Student" table="t_student">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="native"/>
		</id>
		<property name="name" length = "10"/>
		<property name="createTime"/>
		<many-to-one name="classes" column="classesid"/>
		<filter name="filtertest" condition="id < :myid"/><!-- 指定filter，条件为id小于myid，"<"为转义字符"<" -->
	</class>

	<query name="searchStudents"><!-- 外置命名查询,注意名字不要重复，也可以放置在Classes.hbm.xml文件 -->
		<![CDATA[  
			SELECT s FROM Student s where s.id<?
		]]><!-- CDATA使SQL语句大小写无关 -->
	</query>

	<filter-def name="filtertest"><!--  定义过滤器  -->
		<filter-param name="myid" type="integer"/> <!-- 定义参数名和类型 -->
	</filter-def>	
</hibernate-mapping>