命令模式是一个数据驱动设计模式,它归属于行为型模式的范畴。一个请求作为命令的形式被封装成一个对象,并且传递给调用对象。调用对象查找能够处理这个命令的恰当对象,传递命令给相应的对象,那个对象就执行这个命令。
在这个实例中,我们创建了一个充当一个命令的接口Order,创建一个股票类Stock充当一个请求。具体的命令类BuyStock和SellStock实现Order接口,它们将做实际上的命令处理。经纪人类Broker充当一个调用对象,它负责收集和发送命令。UML图如下所示:
接口order.java
public interface Order {
void execute();
}
股票类Stock.java
public class Stock {
private String name = "ABC";
private int quantity = 10;
public void buy(){
System.out.println("Stock [ Name: "+name+",
Quantity: " + quantity +" ] bought");
}
public void sell(){
System.out.println("Stock [ Name: "+name+",
Quantity: " + quantity +" ] sold");
}
}
实现订单接口的实现类,购买股票BuyStock.java
public class BuyStock implements Order {
private Stock abcStock;
public BuyStock(Stock abcStock){
this.abcStock = abcStock;
}
public void execute() {
abcStock.buy();
}
卖出股票类SellStock.java
public class SellStock implements Order {
private Stock abcStock;
public SellStock(Stock abcStock){
this.abcStock = abcStock;
}
public void execute() {
abcStock.sell();
}
}
调用命令类Broker.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Broker {
private List<Order> orderList = new ArrayList<Order>();
public void takeOrder(Order order){
orderList.add(order);
}
public void placeOrders(){
for (Order order : orderList) {
order.execute();
}
orderList.clear();
}
}
测试类CommandPatternDemo.java
public class CommandPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Stock abcStock = new Stock();
BuyStock buyStockOrder = new BuyStock(abcStock);
SellStock sellStockOrder = new SellStock(abcStock);
Broker broker = new Broker();
broker.takeOrder(buyStockOrder);
broker.takeOrder(sellStockOrder);
broker.placeOrders();
}
}
输出结果:
Stock [ Name: ABC, Quantity: 10 ] bought
Stock [ Name: ABC, Quantity: 10 ] sold
你会发现,这里面包含了组合模式。