线性回归

线性回归问题

$$WX=Y$$已知$X,Y$，欲求$W$，其中 $W\in R^{L\times M},X\in R^{M\times N},Y\in R^{L\times N}$。

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最小二乘法

$$W=argmin||WX-Y|{|}_2^2$$解得$$W=Y{X}^T(X{X}^T{)}^{-1}$$

岭回归

$$W=argmin||WX-Y|{|}_2^2+\beta ||W|{|}_2^2$$解得$$W=Y{X}^T(X{X}^T+\beta I{)}^{-1}$$

奇异值分解

$$X=U\Lambda V$$其中， U ∈ R M × K , V ∈ R K × N , Λ ∈ R K × K , K = m i n { M , N } U\in R^{M\times K}, V\in R^{K\times N}, \Lambda \in R^{K\times K}, K=min\{M,N\} U∈RM×K,V∈RK×N,Λ∈RK×K,K=min{M,N}。因此，
$$W=Y{V}^T{\Lambda }^{-1}{U}^T$$为了避免 $X$ 有特征值为 0 使得 Λ = d i a g { λ i } \Lambda=diag\{\lambda_i\} Λ=diag{λi​} 不可逆： Λ − 1 = d i a g { λ i λ i 2 + ϵ } \Lambda^{-1}=diag\{\frac{\lambda_i}{\lambda_i^2+\epsilon}\} Λ−1=diag{λi2​+ϵλi​​}其中 $ϵ$ 为非常小的正数($10^{-6}$)。

实验

import numpy as np
import time


def MSE(X,Y):
    return  np.mean((X-Y)**2)


def solve_WX_Y(X,Y, method='SVD', reg=1e-6):
    if method == 'SVD':  # SVD, accurate method
        U, s, V = np.linalg.svd(X, full_matrices=False);
#         print('reconstruction error:',MSE(X,U.dot(np.diag(s)).dot(V)))
        s = s / (s ** 2 + reg)

        W = Y.dot(np.multiply(V.T, np.expand_dims(s, 0)).dot(U.T));

    else:  # NormalEquation, fast method
        B = Y.dot(X.T)
        A = X.dot(X.T)

        W = np.linalg.solve((A + np.eye(A.shape[0], A.shape[1]) * reg), B.T).T
        
    return W



L = 1000
M = 5000
N = 5000

X = np.random.random((M,N))
W = np.random.random((L,M))
Y = np.dot(W,X)+np.random.random((L,N))*0.01

lb = 0

print('---------SVD---------')
time_start=time.time()
W_solve = solve_WX_Y(X,Y,method='SVD',reg=lb)
time_end=time.time()
print('time:',time_end-time_start)
print('mse :',MSE(W,W_solve))


print('--------Rigde--------')
time_start=time.time()
W_solve = solve_WX_Y(X,Y,method='Ridge', reg=lb)
time_end=time.time()
print('time:',time_end-time_start)
print('mse :',MSE(W,W_solve))

'''
---------SVD---------
time: 0.5515260696411133
mse : 2.5135123133318373e-08
--------Rigde--------
time: 0.12566399574279785
mse : 2.513512313268334e-08
'''