《最值得收藏的python3语法汇总》之数据类型转换

	Int	Float	Bool	Complex	String	Bytes	List	Tuple	Set	Dict
Int	-	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N
Float	Y	-	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N
Bool	Y	Y	-	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Complex	Y	Y	Y	-	Y	N	N	N	N	N
String	Y	Y	Y	Y	-	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Bytes(只考虑直接转换)	Y	N	Y	N	Y	-	Y	Y	Y	N
List	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	-	Y	Y	Y
Tuple	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	-	Y	Y
Set	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	-	Y
Dict	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	-

下面列举了各种类型之间的转换及实例：

转换实例

转换为int

print(int(1.2)) # float -> int
print(int('123')) # string -> int
print(int(b'456')) # bytes -> int
print('0x%x' % (int.from_bytes(b'456', byteorder='little', signed=True)))
print(int(True)) # bool -> int

转换为float

print(float('1.2')) # string->float
print(float(b'3.4')) # bytes -> float
print(float(123)) # int->float
print(float(False)) # bool->float

转换为bool

所有类型都可以转换为bool型

print(bool(1)) # int->bool
print(bool(0.0)) # float->bool
print(bool(0 + 0j)) # complex->bool
print(bool('')) # string->bool, 空字符串为False,其它都是True
print(bool(b'hello')) # bytes->bool, 空为False,其它都是True
print(bool.from_bytes(b'\x00', byteorder='little')) # bytes->bool
print(bool([])) # list->bool, 空为False,其它都是True
print(bool(())) # tuple->bool, 空为False,其它都是True
print(bool({})) # dict->bool, 空为False,其它都是True
print(bool(set())) # set->bool, 空为False,其它都是True

转换为complex

print(complex(100)) # int->complex
print(complex(1.2)) # float->complex
print(complex(True)) # bool->complex
print(complex('1.2+2.3j')) # string->complex

转换为string

所有基本类型都可以转换为string

print(b'hello'.decode('utf-8')) # bytes->string
print(str(1)) # int->string
print(str(1.2)) # float->string
print(str(True)) # bool->string
print(str(1.2 + 2.3j)) # complex->string其它都是True
print(str(['hello', 100])) # list->string
print(str(('hello', 100))) # tuple->string
print(str({'name': 'xiaowang', 'age': 20})) # dict->string
print(str({'name', 'age'})) # set->string

转换为bytes

因为所有类型都可以转换为string，而string可以转换为bytes，所以所有类型都可以间接转换为bytes。
下面我们只讨论直接转换为bytes的类型

print('bytes'.center(30, '*'))
print(b'\x64') # int转bytes
print(int.to_bytes(100, byteorder='big', signed=True, length=2)) # int转bytes
print(bool.to_bytes(True, byteorder='big', signed=True, length=2)) # bool转bytes
print('hello'.encode(encoding='utf-8')) # string转bytes
print(bytes([1, 200, 80, 50])) # list转bytes
print(bytes((1, 200, 80, 50))) # tuple转bytes
print(bytes({1, 200, 80, 50})) # set转bytes

转换为list

print(list("hello")) # string->list
print(list(b'hello')) # bytes->list
print(list((100, 200, 300))) # tuple->list
print(list({'name', 'age'})) # set->list
print(list({'name': 'xiaowang', 'age': 20})) # dict->list，只取key值

转换为tuple

print(tuple("hello")) # string->tuple
print(tuple(b"hello")) # bytes->tuple
print(tuple([100, 200, 300])) # list->tuple
print(tuple({'name', 'age'})) # set->tuple
print(tuple({'name': 'xiaowang', 'age': 20})) # dict->tuple，只取key值

转换为set

print(set("hello")) # string->set
print(set(b"hello")) # bytes->set
print(set([100, 200, 300])) # list->set
# print(set([100, 200, [300, 400]])) # list->set, list中包含可变数据类型，报异常
print(set(('name', 'age'))) # tuple->set
# print(set(('name', 'age', []))) # tuple->set,包含可变数据类型，报异常
print(set({'name': 'xiaowang', 'age': 20})) # dict->set，只取key值