11.模拟信号示波器

上次简单地介绍了AudioRecord和AudioTrack的使用，这次就结合SurfaceView实现一个Android版的手机模拟信号示波器。最近物联网炒得很火，作为手机软件开发者，如何在不修改手机硬件电路的前提下实现与第三方传感器结合呢？麦克风就是一个很好的ADC接口，通过麦克风与第三方传感器结合，再在软件里对模拟信号做相应的处理，就可以提供更丰富的传感化应用。

先来看看本文程序运行的效果图(屏幕录像速度较慢，真机实际运行起来会更加流畅)：

本文程序使用8000hz的采样率，对X轴方向绘图的实时性要求较高，如果不降低X轴的分辨率，程序的实时性较差，因此程序对X轴数据缩小区间为8倍～16倍。由于采用16位采样，因此Y轴数据的高度相对于手机屏幕来说也偏大，程序也对Y轴数据做缩小，区间为1倍～10倍。在SurfaceView的OnTouchListener方法里加入了波形基线的位置调节，直接在SurfaceView控件上触摸即可控制整体波形偏上或偏下显示。

main.xml源码如下：

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<? xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "utf-8" ?> < LinearLayout  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      android:orientation = "vertical"      android:layout_width = "fill_parent"      android:layout_height = "fill_parent" >      < LinearLayout          android:id = "@+id/LinearLayout01"          android:layout_width = "fill_parent"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:orientation = "horizontal" >          < Button              android:id = "@+id/btnStart"              android:layout_width = "80dip"              android:layout_height = "wrap_content"              android:text = "开始"              />          < Button              android:id = "@+id/btnExit"              android:layout_width = "80dip"              android:layout_height = "wrap_content"              android:text = "停止"              />          < ZoomControls              android:id = "@+id/zctlX"              android:layout_width = "wrap_content"              android:layout_height = "wrap_content"              />          < ZoomControls              android:id = "@+id/zctlY"              android:layout_width = "wrap_content"              android:layout_height = "wrap_content"              />      </ LinearLayout >      < SurfaceView          android:id = "@+id/SurfaceView01"          android:layout_height = "fill_parent"          android:layout_width = "fill_parent" >      </ SurfaceView > </ LinearLayout >

ClsOscilloscope.java是实现示波器的类库，包含AudioRecord操作线程和SurfaceView绘图线程的实现，两个线程同步操作，代码如下：

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package  com.testOscilloscope;   import  java.util.ArrayList; import  android.graphics.Canvas; import  android.graphics.Color; import  android.graphics.Paint; import  android.graphics.Rect; import  android.media.AudioRecord; import  android.view.SurfaceView;   public  class  ClsOscilloscope {      private  ArrayList< short []> inBuf =  new  ArrayList< short []>();      private  boolean  isRecording =  false ; // 线程控制标记      /**       * X轴缩小的比例       */      public  int  rateX =  4 ;      /**       * Y轴缩小的比例       */      public  int  rateY =  4 ;      /**       * Y轴基线       */      public  int  baseLine =  0 ;        /**       * 初始化       */      public  void  initOscilloscope( int  rateX,  int  rateY,  int  baseLine) {          this .rateX = rateX;          this .rateY = rateY;          this .baseLine = baseLine;      }        /**       * 开始       *       * @param recBufSize       *            AudioRecord的MinBufferSize       */      public  void  Start(AudioRecord audioRecord,  int  recBufSize, SurfaceView sfv,              Paint mPaint) {          isRecording =  true ;          new  RecordThread(audioRecord, recBufSize).start(); // 开始录制线程          new  DrawThread(sfv, mPaint).start(); // 开始绘制线程      }        /**       * 停止       */      public  void  Stop() {          isRecording =  false ;          inBuf.clear(); // 清除      }        /**       * 负责从MIC保存数据到inBuf       *       * @author GV       *       */      class  RecordThread  extends  Thread {          private  int  recBufSize;          private  AudioRecord audioRecord;            public  RecordThread(AudioRecord audioRecord,  int  recBufSize) {              this .audioRecord = audioRecord;              this .recBufSize = recBufSize;          }            public  void  run() {              try  {                  short [] buffer =  new  short [recBufSize];                  audioRecord.startRecording(); // 开始录制                  while  (isRecording) {                      // 从MIC保存数据到缓冲区                      int  bufferReadResult = audioRecord.read(buffer,  0 ,                              recBufSize);                      short [] tmpBuf =  new  short [bufferReadResult / rateX];                      for  ( int  i =  0 , ii =  0 ; i < tmpBuf.length; i++, ii = i                              * rateX) {                          tmpBuf[i] = buffer[ii];                      }                      synchronized  (inBuf) { //                          inBuf.add(tmpBuf); // 添加数据                      }                  }                  audioRecord.stop();              }  catch  (Throwable t) {              }          }      };        /**       * 负责绘制inBuf中的数据       *       * @author GV       *       */      class  DrawThread  extends  Thread {          private  int  oldX =  0 ; // 上次绘制的X坐标          private  int  oldY =  0 ; // 上次绘制的Y坐标          private  SurfaceView sfv; // 画板          private  int  X_index =  0 ; // 当前画图所在屏幕X轴的坐标          private  Paint mPaint; // 画笔            public  DrawThread(SurfaceView sfv, Paint mPaint) {              this .sfv = sfv;              this .mPaint = mPaint;          }            public  void  run() {              while  (isRecording) {                  ArrayList< short []> buf =  new  ArrayList< short []>();                  synchronized  (inBuf) {                      if  (inBuf.size() ==  0 )                          continue ;                      buf = (ArrayList< short []>) inBuf.clone(); // 保存                      inBuf.clear(); // 清除                  }                  for  ( int  i =  0 ; i < buf.size(); i++) {                      short [] tmpBuf = buf.get(i);                      SimpleDraw(X_index, tmpBuf, rateY, baseLine); // 把缓冲区数据画出来                      X_index = X_index + tmpBuf.length;                      if  (X_index > sfv.getWidth()) {                          X_index =  0 ;                      }                  }              }          }            /**           * 绘制指定区域           *           * @param start           *            X轴开始的位置(全屏)           * @param buffer           *            缓冲区           * @param rate           *            Y轴数据缩小的比例           * @param baseLine           *            Y轴基线           */          void  SimpleDraw( int  start,  short [] buffer,  int  rate,  int  baseLine) {              if  (start ==  0 )                  oldX =  0 ;              Canvas canvas = sfv.getHolder().lockCanvas(                      new  Rect(start,  0 , start + buffer.length, sfv.getHeight())); // 关键:获取画布              canvas.drawColor(Color.BLACK); // 清除背景              int  y;              for  ( int  i =  0 ; i < buffer.length; i++) { // 有多少画多少                  int  x = i + start;                  y = buffer[i] / rate + baseLine; // 调节缩小比例，调节基准线                  canvas.drawLine(oldX, oldY, x, y, mPaint);                  oldX = x;                  oldY = y;              }              sfv.getHolder().unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas); // 解锁画布，提交画好的图像          }      } }

testOscilloscope.java是主程序，控制UI和ClsOscilloscope，代码如下：

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package  com.testOscilloscope;   import  android.app.Activity; import  android.graphics.Color; import  android.graphics.Paint; import  android.media.AudioFormat; import  android.media.AudioRecord; import  android.media.MediaRecorder; import  android.os.Bundle; import  android.view.MotionEvent; import  android.view.SurfaceView; import  android.view.View; import  android.view.View.OnTouchListener; import  android.widget.Button; import  android.widget.ZoomControls;   public  class  testOscilloscope  extends  Activity {      /** Called when the activity is first created. */      Button btnStart, btnExit;      SurfaceView sfv;      ZoomControls zctlX, zctlY;        ClsOscilloscope clsOscilloscope =  new  ClsOscilloscope();        static  final  int  frequency =  8000 ; // 分辨率      static  final  int  channelConfiguration = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO;      static  final  int  audioEncoding = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;      static  final  int  xMax =  16 ; // X轴缩小比例最大值,X轴数据量巨大，容易产生刷新延时      static  final  int  xMin =  8 ; // X轴缩小比例最小值      static  final  int  yMax =  10 ; // Y轴缩小比例最大值      static  final  int  yMin =  1 ; // Y轴缩小比例最小值        int  recBufSize; // 录音最小buffer大小      AudioRecord audioRecord;      Paint mPaint;        @Override      public  void  onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.main);          // 录音组件          recBufSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(frequency,                  channelConfiguration, audioEncoding);          audioRecord =  new  AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, frequency,                  channelConfiguration, audioEncoding, recBufSize);          // 按键          btnStart = (Button)  this .findViewById(R.id.btnStart);          btnStart.setOnClickListener( new  ClickEvent());          btnExit = (Button)  this .findViewById(R.id.btnExit);          btnExit.setOnClickListener( new  ClickEvent());          // 画板和画笔          sfv = (SurfaceView)  this .findViewById(R.id.SurfaceView01);          sfv.setOnTouchListener( new  TouchEvent());          mPaint =  new  Paint();          mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN); // 画笔为绿色          mPaint.setStrokeWidth( 1 ); // 设置画笔粗细          // 示波 器类库          clsOscilloscope.initOscilloscope(xMax /  2 , yMax /  2 ,                  sfv.getHeight() /  2 );            // 缩放控件，X轴的数据缩小的比率高些          zctlX = (ZoomControls)  this .findViewById(R.id.zctlX);          zctlX.setOnZoomInClickListener( new  View.OnClickListener() {              @Override              public  void  onClick(View v) {                  if  (clsOscilloscope.rateX > xMin)                      clsOscilloscope.rateX--;                  setTitle( "X轴缩小"  + String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateX) + "倍"                          +  ","  +  "Y轴缩小"  + String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateY)                          +  "倍" );              }          });          zctlX.setOnZoomOutClickListener( new  View.OnClickListener() {              @Override              public  void  onClick(View v) {                  if  (clsOscilloscope.rateX < xMax)                      clsOscilloscope.rateX++;                  setTitle( "X轴缩小"  + String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateX) + "倍"                          +  ","  +  "Y轴缩小"  + String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateY)                          +  "倍" );              }          });          zctlY = (ZoomControls)  this .findViewById(R.id.zctlY);          zctlY.setOnZoomInClickListener( new  View.OnClickListener() {              @Override              public  void  onClick(View v) {                  if  (clsOscilloscope.rateY > yMin)                      clsOscilloscope.rateY--;                  setTitle( "X轴缩小"  + String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateX) + "倍"                          +  ","  +  "Y轴缩小"  + String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateY)                          +  "倍" );              }          });            zctlY.setOnZoomOutClickListener( new  View.OnClickListener() {              @Override              public  void  onClick(View v) {                  if  (clsOscilloscope.rateY < yMax)                      clsOscilloscope.rateY++;                  setTitle( "X轴缩小"  + String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateX) + "倍"                          +  ","  +  "Y轴缩小"  + String.valueOf(clsOscilloscope.rateY)                          +  "倍" );              }          });      }        @Override      protected  void  onDestroy() {          super .onDestroy();          android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());      }        /**       * 按键事件处理       *       * @author GV       *       */      class  ClickEvent  implements  View.OnClickListener {          @Override          public  void  onClick(View v) {              if  (v == btnStart) {                  clsOscilloscope.baseLine = sfv.getHeight() /  2 ;                  clsOscilloscope.Start(audioRecord, recBufSize, sfv, mPaint);              }  else  if  (v == btnExit) {                  clsOscilloscope.Stop();              }          }      }        /**       * 触摸屏动态设置波形图基线       *       * @author GV       *       */      class  TouchEvent  implements  OnTouchListener {          @Override          public  boolean  onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {              clsOscilloscope.baseLine = ( int ) event.getY();              return  true ;          }        } }