在Vue 3 中有多种定义组件的方法。从选项到组合再到类 API,情况大不相同
1、方式一:Options API
这是在 Vue 中声明组件的最常见方式。从版本 1 开始可用,您很可能已经熟悉它。一切都在对象内声明,数据在幕后由 Vue 响应。它不是那么灵活,因为它使用 mixin 来共享行为。
<script>
import TheComponent from './components/TheComponent.vue'
import componentMixin from './mixins/componentMixin.js'
export default {
name: 'OptionsAPI',
components: {
TheComponent,
AsyncComponent: () => import('./components/AsyncComponent.vue'),
},
mixins: [componentMixin],
props: {
elements: {
type: Array,
},
counter: {
type: Number,
default: 0,
},
},
data() {
return {
object: {
variable: true,
},
}
},
computed: {
isEmpty() {
return this.counter === 0
},
},
watch: {
counter() {
console.log('Counter value changed')
},
},
created() {
console.log('Created hook called')
},
mounted() {
console.log('Mounted hook called')
},
methods: {
getParam(param) {
return param
},
emitEvent() {
this.$emit('event-name')
},
},
}
</script>
<template>
<div class="wrapper">
<TheComponent />
<AsyncComponent v-if="object.variable" />
<div class="static-class-name" :class="{ 'dynamic-class-name': object.variable }">
Dynamic attributes example
</div>
<button @click="emitEvent">Emit event</button>
</div>
</template>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.wrapper {
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
方式二:Composition API
在 Vue 3 中引入了 Composition API。 目的是提供更灵活的 API 和更好的 TypeScript 支持。这种方法在很大程度上依赖于设置生命周期挂钩。
<script>
import {
ref,
reactive,
defineComponent,
computed,
watch,
} from 'vue'
import useMixin from './mixins/componentMixin.js'
import TheComponent from './components/TheComponent.vue'
export default defineComponent({
name: 'CompositionAPI',
components: {
TheComponent,
AsyncComponent: () => import('./components/AsyncComponent.vue'),
},
props: {
elements: Array,
counter: {
type: Number,
default: 0,
},
},
setup(props, { emit }) {
console.log('Equivalent to created hook')
const enabled = ref(true)
const object = reactive({ variable: false })
const { mixinData, mixinMethod } = useMixin()
const isEmpty = computed(() => {
return props.counter === 0
})
watch(
() => props.counter,
() => {
console.log('Counter value changed')
}
)
function emitEvent() {
emit('event-name')
}
function getParam(param) {
return param
}
return {
object,
getParam,
emitEvent,
isEmpty
}
},
mounted() {
console.log('Mounted hook called')
},
})
</script>
<template>
<div class="wrapper">
<TheComponent />
<AsyncComponent v-if="object.variable" />
<div class="static-class-name" :class="{ 'dynamic-class-name': object.variable }">
Dynamic attributes example
</div>
<button @click="emitEvent">Emit event</button>
</div>
</template>
<style scoped>
.wrapper {
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
使用这种混合方法需要大量样板代码,而且设置函数很快就会失控。在迁移到 Vue 3 时,这可能是一个很好的中间步骤,但是语法糖可以让一切变得更干净。
方式三:Script setup
在 Vue 3.2 中引入了一种更简洁的语法。通过在脚本元素中添加设置属性,脚本部分中的所有内容都会自动暴露给模板。通过这种方式可以删除很多样板文件。
<script setup>
import {
ref,
reactive,
defineAsyncComponent,
computed,
watch,
onMounted,
} from "vue";
import useMixin from "./mixins/componentMixin.js";
import TheComponent from "./components/TheComponent.vue";
const AsyncComponent = defineAsyncComponent(() =>
import("./components/AsyncComponent.vue")
);
console.log("Equivalent to created hook");
onMounted(() => {
console.log("Mounted hook called");
});
const enabled = ref(true);
const object = reactive({ variable: false });
const props = defineProps({
elements: Array,
counter: {
type: Number,
default: 0,
},
});
const { mixinData, mixinMethod } = useMixin();
const isEmpty = computed(() => {
return props.counter === 0;
});
watch(() => props.counter, () => {
console.log("Counter value changed");
});
const emit = defineEmits(["event-name"]);
function emitEvent() {
emit("event-name");
}
function getParam(param) {
return param;
}
</script>
<script>
export default {
name: "ComponentVue3",
};
</script>
<template>
<div class="wrapper">
<TheComponent />
<AsyncComponent v-if="object.variable" />
<div
class="static-class-name"
:class="{ 'dynamic-class-name': object.variable }"
>
Dynamic attributes example
</div>
<button @click="emitEvent">Emit event</button>
</div>
</template>
<style scoped>
.wrapper {
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>