GCD函数基本使用

串行(Serial)

任务只能一个个按顺序执行，只能等到上一个任务执行完毕，才能执行当前的任务；

并发 (Concurrent)：

任务不按顺序执行，不用等待上一个任务执行完，多个任务是同时执行的；在异步情况下可开启多个线程执行任务；

同步(Synchronous)：

1. 不具备开启新线程的能力；
2. 任务执行完才返回；
3. 同步函数: dispatch_sync()；

异步 (Asynchronous)：

1. 具备开启新线程的能力；
2. 提交的任务立即返回；
3. 异步函数: dispatch_async()；

队列 (Dispatch Queue）

苹果为我们提供了串行队列，并行队列，全局队列，主队列！

• 串行队列

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.mjz.cn", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(0, 0);

• 并行队列

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.mjz.cn", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);

• 全局队列

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW, 0);
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH, 0);
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND, 0);

• 主队列

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();

dispatch_sync

• 串行队列同步执行

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, NULL);
    for (NSInteger index=0; index<20; index++) {
        dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
            NSLog(@"%ld<-->%@-->%f", index, [NSThread currentThread], [NSThread currentThread].threadPriority);
        });
    }

1. queue是串行队列；
2. dispatch_sync是同步执行，不会开启新的线程；

结论：任务按顺序执行，下一个任务只有等待上个任务执行完才能执行！

• 并行队列同步执行

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    for (NSInteger index=0; index<20; index++) {
        dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
            NSLog(@"%ld<-->%@-->%f", index, [NSThread currentThread], [NSThread currentThread].threadPriority);
        });
    }

1. queue是并行队列；
2. dispatch_sync是同步执行，不会开启新的线程；

结论：虽然是并行队列，但是dispatch_sync不会开启线程，所以任务还是按顺序执行，跟上面一样的结果！

dispatch_async

• 串行队列异步执行

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    for (NSInteger index=0; index<20; index++) {
        dispatch_async(queue, ^{
            NSLog(@"%ld<-->%@", index, [NSThread currentThread]);
        });
    }

1. queue是串行队列；
2. dispatch_sync是异步执行，开启新的线程；

结论：串行队列任务按顺序执行，但dispatch_async会开启一个新的线程执行！

• 并行队列异步执行

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    for (NSInteger index=0; index<20; index++) {
        dispatch_async(queue, ^{
            NSLog(@"%ld<-->%@", index, [NSThread currentThread]);
        });
    }

1. queue是并行队列；
2. dispatch_sync是异步执行，开启新的线程；

结论：并行队列任务同时执行，加上dispatch_async会开启新线程，所以此时会生成多个线程同时执行任务！

一张图总结

Dispatch Group

在串行队列情形下，任务都是按顺序逐一执行；但是到了并行队列的状态下，队列要实现某个任务等到其它队列执行完后才执行就有点难了，这时候我们需要引入了Dispatch Group！

dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"11 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"22 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"44 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"55 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"66 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    NSLog(@"-------------------------------------");
    dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"33 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });

• dispatch_group_notify可以轻松地帮助我们实现保证在dispatch_group_notify前的任务执行完成后，dispatch_group_notify中block的任务才能执行，实在方便！

dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);

    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"11");
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"22");
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"33");
    });
    
    dispatch_group_enter(group);
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        
        NSLog(@"66");
        dispatch_group_leave(group);
    });

• dispatch_group_enter与dispatch_group_leave实现dispatch_group_notify类似效果！！

Dispatch Block

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    dispatch_block_t block = dispatch_block_create(0, ^{
        NSLog(@"mjz");
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, block);

• dispatch_block_t将任务定义成block，并用队列实现，是队列实现任务的另一种形式！！

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    dispatch_block_t block = dispatch_block_create(0, ^{
        sleep(5.0);
        NSLog(@"mjz");
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, block);

    long result = dispatch_block_wait(block, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, NSEC_PER_SEC*5.0));
    if (result==0) {
        NSLog(@"wait finish!!");
    } else {
        NSLog(@"wait error!!");
    }

• dispatch_block_wait等待block任务执行完毕，会阻塞当前线程，阻塞的时间在wait函数时间值和当前block任务执行时间值取最小的！！

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.mjz.www", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    dispatch_block_t block = dispatch_block_create(0, ^{
        NSLog(@"block start");
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
        NSLog(@"block1 end");
    });
    dispatch_block_t block2 = dispatch_block_create(0, ^{
        NSLog(@"block2 finish");
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, block);
    dispatch_async(queue, block2);
    dispatch_block_cancel(block2);

• dispatch_block_cancel取消当前队列执行的任务！！！

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    dispatch_apply(6, queue, ^(size_t i) {
        NSLog(@"index: %ld",i);
    });
    NSLog(@"end!!!");

1. dispatch_apply类似一个for循环，会在指定的dispatch queue中运行block任务n次；
2. 串行队列则会按顺序执行n次任务；
3. 并行队列并发执行n次任务，无序！！

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:6];
        NSLog(@"11");
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
        NSLog(@"22");
    });
    dispatch_barrier_async(queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
        NSLog(@"33");
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
        NSLog(@"44");
    });

• dispatch_barrier_async用于等待前面的任务执行完毕后自己才执行，而它后面的任务需等待它完成之后才执行。

其它

1. dispatch_queue_create函数的第一个参数指定SERIAL_QUEUE名称，dispatch_queue的名称方便编译器调试；
2. dispatch_queue_create创建的一个串行队列将生成一个对应的线程执行任务，若是创建多个则将生成多个线程，存在内存安全隐患；
3. 使用GCD避免死锁问题；