Linux驱动:用户空间,内核空间内存交互测试
本文博客链接:http://blog.csdn.net/jdh99,作者:jdh,转载请注明.
环境:
主机:Fedora12
目标板:MINI6410
目标板LINUX内核版本:2.6.38
实现功能:
使用read函数读取内核空间开辟的数组,使用write函数从用户空间写入数据到内核空间开辟的数组
说明:
Linux中内核空间和用户空间有不同的内存定义,只能通过交互函数来互相访问.
//检测用户空间地址是否合法,type选项:VERIFY_READ,VERIFY_WRITE
int access_ok(int type,const void *addr,unsigned long size);
//从用户空间读取内存
unsigned long copy_from_user(void *to,const void *from,unsigned long n);
//向用户空间内存写入
unsigned long copy_to_user(void *to,void *from,unsigned long len);
//写入单值
int put_user(数据,ptr);
//读取单值
int get_user(数据,ptr);
驱动源代码:
test_driver.c:
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
//#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#include <mach/hardware.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/atomic.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <mach/map.h>
#include <mach/regs-clock.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#include <plat/gpio-cfg.h>
#include <mach/gpio-bank-e.h>
#include <mach/gpio-bank-k.h>
#include <mach/gpio-bank-h.h>
#include <mach/gpio-bank-n.h>
#include <mach/gpio-bank-l.h>
#include <mach/gpio-bank-p.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#define DEVICE_NAME "test_driver"
#define T_MAJORS 800
//设备结构
static struct _Test_Driver_Device
{
struct cdev fun_cdev;
};
struct _Test_Driver_Device *Test_Driver_Device;
static dev_t dev;
static struct class *test_class;
//开辟缓存,用来读写
#define LEN_BUF 256
static unsigned char Buffer[LEN_BUF];
//初始化互斥锁
static DEFINE_MUTEX(sem);
//功能:初始化缓存
static void init_buf(void)
{
memset(Buffer,0,LEN_BUF);
}
//功能:读取缓存
//返回:读取的字节数
ssize_t test_driver_read(struct file *filp,char __user *buf,size_t count,loff_t *f_pos)
{
//判断文件当前位置是否越界
if (*f_pos >= LEN_BUF)
{
return 0;
}
//判断读取的字节总数是否越界
if (count > (LEN_BUF - *f_pos))
{
count = 256 - *f_pos;
}
//拷贝数据到用户空间
if (copy_to_user(buf,Buffer + *f_pos,count))
{
return -EFAULT;
}
//改变文件的当前位置
*f_pos += count;
return count;
}
//功能:写入缓存
//返回:写入的字节数
ssize_t test_driver_write(struct file *filp,const char __user *buf,size_t count,loff_t *f_pos)
{
ssize_t err = -ENOMEM;
//判断文件当前位置是否越界
if (*f_pos >= LEN_BUF)
{
goto ERR;
}
//判断写入的字节总数是否越界
if (count > (LEN_BUF - *f_pos))
{
count = 256 - *f_pos;
}
//从用户空间拷贝数据
if (copy_from_user(Buffer + *f_pos,buf,count))
{
err = -EFAULT;
goto ERR;
}
//改变文件的当前位置
*f_pos += count;
return count;
ERR:
return err;
}
//功能:偏移指针
//返回:当前指针
//off是偏移量,whence是偏移开始处
ssize_t test_driver_llseek(struct file *filp,size_t count,loff_t off,int whence)
{
loff_t pos;
//获取当前指针
pos = filp->f_pos;
switch (whence)
{
//从0开始
case 0:
{
pos = off;
break;
}
//从当前位置开始
case 1:
{
pos += off;
break;
}
case 2:
default:
{
return -EINVAL;
}
}
//判断是否超出范围
if (pos > LEN_BUF || pos < 0)
{
return -EINVAL;
}
//更改当前偏移量
filp->f_pos = pos;
return filp->f_pos;
}
static struct file_operations io_dev_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = test_driver_llseek,
.write = test_driver_write,
.read = test_driver_read,
};
static int __init dev_init(void)
{
int ret;
unsigned temp;
init_buf();
//分配结构体
Test_Driver_Device = kmalloc(sizeof(struct _Test_Driver_Device),GFP_KERNEL);
if (!Test_Driver_Device)
{
unregister_chrdev_region(dev,1);
device_destroy(test_class, dev);
class_destroy(test_class);
return -ENOMEM;
}
dev = MKDEV(T_MAJORS,0);
cdev_init(&Test_Driver_Device->fun_cdev,&io_dev_fops);
ret = register_chrdev_region(dev,1,DEVICE_NAME);
if (ret < 0) return 0;
ret = cdev_add(&Test_Driver_Device->fun_cdev,dev,1);
if (ret < 0) return 0;
printk (DEVICE_NAME"\tjdh:test_driver initialized!!\n");
test_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "test_class1");
if (IS_ERR(test_class))
{
printk(KERN_INFO "create class error\n");
return -1;
}
device_create(test_class, NULL, dev, NULL, "test_driver");
return ret;
}
static void __exit dev_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev_region(dev,1);
device_destroy(test_class, dev);
class_destroy(test_class);
}
module_init(dev_init);
module_exit(dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("JDH");
用户程序:
test_driver.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "stdio.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "sys/ioctl.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "termios.h"
#include "sys/stat.h"
#include "fcntl.h"
#include "sys/time.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
int fd;
unsigned char buf[256];
unsigned char temp[256];
int i = 0;
fd = open("/dev/test_driver",O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0)
{
perror("open test_driver error");
exit(1);
}
//写入数据
for (i = 0;i < 256;i++)
{
buf[i] = i;
}
write(fd,buf,256);
//偏移到第10位
lseek(fd,10,0);
//读取数据
read(fd,temp,100);
//输出
for (i = 0;i < 10;i++)
{
printf("%d\t",(int)temp[i]);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
测试说明:
将编译所得的可执行文件test_driver上传到开发板
运行:
./test_driver
输出:
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19