Android 中使用OpenGL ES进行2D开发（纹理Texture使用） .

OpenGL纹理是一种位图，可以把它粘贴到OpenGL物体的表面上。比如可以获取一张邮票的图像粘贴到正方形中，使正方形看起来像一张邮票。要使邮票保持合适的方向，以便图像井然有序地排列，则必须获得形状的每个顶点并在正方形上标记出来，以便邮票和正方形的形状保持一致。在OpenGL中引入了纹理坐标。

OpenGL 假设纹理图始终为1x1的正方形，其原点位于(0.0)处，右下角为(1,1)。如下图。

纹理坐标与顶点坐标之间的映射如下图：

所以我们用的浮点数组不只是要存储4个点的位置，还要存储纹理坐标值
vertices.put( new float[] {   -80f,   -120f, 0.0f, 1.0f ,

                                           80f,   -120f, 1.0f, 1.0f ,

                                           -80f, 120f, 0.0f, 0.0f ,

                                            80f,  120f,  1.0f,  0.0f });
处理完纹理坐标与顶点坐标之间的映射关系后，剩余工作包括将纹理位图加载到内存，为它分配纹理ID，以便重用此纹理。
来看下完整代码吧，注意我们代码中纹理坐标和顶点坐标分开存放了，这样更加清晰点，不然还要stride(跳过)内存。

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. package com.waitingfy.android.glbasics;  
2.   
3. import java.io.IOException;  
4. import java.nio.ByteBuffer;  
5. import java.nio.ByteOrder;  
6. import java.nio.FloatBuffer;  
7. import java.nio.ShortBuffer;  
8.   
9. import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;  
10. import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;  
11.   
12.   
13.   
14. import android.app.Activity;  
15. import android.graphics.Bitmap;  
16. import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;  
17. import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;  
18. import android.opengl.GLUtils;  
19. import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer;  
20. import android.os.Bundle;  
21. import android.util.Log;  
22. import android.view.Window;  
23. import android.view.WindowManager;  
24.   
25.   
26. public class TexturedRectangleTest extends Activity {  
27.     public GLSurfaceView glView;  
28.   
29.     @Override  
30.     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
31.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
32.         // 去掉activity的标题，全屏显示   
33.         requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);  
34.         getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,  
35.                 WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);  
36.         glView = new GLSurfaceView(this);  
37.         glView.setRenderer(new SimpleRenderer());  
38.         setContentView(glView);  
39.     }  
40.   
41.     @Override  
42.     public void onResume() {  
43.         super.onPause();  
44.         glView.onResume();  
45.     }  
46.   
47.     @Override  
48.     public void onPause() {  
49.         super.onPause();  
50.         glView.onPause();  
51.     }  
52.   
53.     class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {  
54.   
55.         FloatBuffer vertices;  
56.         FloatBuffer texture;  
57.         ShortBuffer indices;  
58.         int textureId;  
59.   
60.         public SimpleRenderer() {  
61.   
62.             ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(4 * 2 * 4);  
63.             byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());              
64.             vertices = byteBuffer.asFloatBuffer();  
65. //            vertices.put( new float[] {  -80f,   -120f,0,1f,   
66. //                                         80f,  -120f, 1f,1f,   
67. //                                         -80f, 120f, 0f,0f,   
68. //                                         80f,120f,   1f,0f});   
69.             vertices.put( new float[] {  -80f,   -120f,  
70.                                          80f,  -120f,   
71.                                          -80f, 120f,  
72.                                          80f,  120f});  
73.               
74.             ByteBuffer indicesBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(6 * 2);  
75.             indicesBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());   
76.             indices = indicesBuffer.asShortBuffer();  
77.             indices.put(new short[] { 0, 1, 2,1,2,3});  
78.               
79.             ByteBuffer textureBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(4 * 2 * 4);  
80.             textureBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());              
81.             texture = textureBuffer.asFloatBuffer();  
82.             texture.put( new float[] { 0,1f,  
83.                                         1f,1f,  
84.                                         0f,0f,  
85.                                         1f,0f});  
86.               
87.             indices.position(0);  
88.             vertices.position(0);  
89.             texture.position(0);  
90.               
91.         }  
92.   
93.         @Override  
94.         public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {  
95.             Log.d("GLSurfaceViewTest", "surface created");  
96.         }  
97.   
98.         @Override  
99.         public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {  
100.             Log.d("GLSurfaceViewTest", "surface changed: " + width + "x"  
101.                     + height);  
102.         }  
103.   
104.         @Override  
105.         public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {  
106.             textureId = loadTexture("bobrgb888.png",gl);  
107.             //定义显示在屏幕上的什么位置(opengl 自动转换)   
108.             gl.glViewport(0, 0, glView.getWidth(), glView.getHeight());  
109.             gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);  
110.             gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);  
111.             gl.glLoadIdentity();  
112.             gl.glOrthof(-160, 160, -240, 240, 1, -1);  
113.   
114.             gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D);  
115.                         //绑定纹理ID   
116.                         gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);  
117.   
118.             gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);  
119.             gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);  
120.   
121.             gl.glVertexPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices);  
122.   
123.             gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, texture);  
124.             // gl.glRotatef(1, 0, 1, 0);   
125.             gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 6,  
126.                     GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indices);  
127.         }  
128.   
129.         public int loadTexture(String fileName,GL10 gl) {  
130.             try {  
131.                 Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getAssets().open(  
132.                         fileName));  
133.                 int textureIds[] = new int[1];  
134.                 gl.glGenTextures(1, textureIds, 0);  
135.                 int textureId = textureIds[0];  
136.                 gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);  
137.                 GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0);  
138.                 gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D,  
139.                         GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST);  
140.                 gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D,  
141.                         GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST);  
142.                 gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);  
143.                 bitmap.recycle();  
144.                 return textureId;  
145.             } catch (IOException e) {  
146.                 Log.d("TexturedRectangleTest",  
147.                         "couldn't load asset 'bobrgb888.png'!");  
148.                 throw new RuntimeException("couldn't load asset '" + fileName  
149.                         + "'");  
150.             }  
151.         }  
152.     }  
153. }  

package com.waitingfy.android.glbasics;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
import java.nio.ShortBuffer;

import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;



import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.opengl.GLUtils;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Window;
import android.view.WindowManager;


public class TexturedRectangleTest extends Activity {
	public GLSurfaceView glView;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		// 去掉activity的标题，全屏显示
		requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
		getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,
				WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
		glView = new GLSurfaceView(this);
		glView.setRenderer(new SimpleRenderer());
		setContentView(glView);
	}

	@Override
	public void onResume() {
		super.onPause();
		glView.onResume();
	}

	@Override
	public void onPause() {
		super.onPause();
		glView.onPause();
	}

	class SimpleRenderer implements Renderer {

		FloatBuffer vertices;
		FloatBuffer texture;
		ShortBuffer indices;
		int textureId;

		public SimpleRenderer() {

			ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(4 * 2 * 4);
            byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());            
            vertices = byteBuffer.asFloatBuffer();
//            vertices.put( new float[] {  -80f,   -120f,0,1f,
//                                         80f,  -120f, 1f,1f,
//                                         -80f, 120f, 0f,0f,
//                                         80f,120f,   1f,0f});
            vertices.put( new float[] {  -80f,   -120f,
                                         80f,  -120f, 
                                         -80f, 120f,
                                         80f,  120f});
            
            ByteBuffer indicesBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(6 * 2);
            indicesBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); 
            indices = indicesBuffer.asShortBuffer();
            indices.put(new short[] { 0, 1, 2,1,2,3});
            
            ByteBuffer textureBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(4 * 2 * 4);
            textureBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());            
            texture = textureBuffer.asFloatBuffer();
            texture.put( new float[] { 0,1f,
                                        1f,1f,
                                        0f,0f,
                                        1f,0f});
            
            indices.position(0);
            vertices.position(0);
            texture.position(0);
            
		}

		@Override
		public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
			Log.d("GLSurfaceViewTest", "surface created");
		}

		@Override
		public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
			Log.d("GLSurfaceViewTest", "surface changed: " + width + "x"
					+ height);
		}

		@Override
		public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
			textureId = loadTexture("bobrgb888.png",gl);
			//定义显示在屏幕上的什么位置(opengl 自动转换)
			gl.glViewport(0, 0, glView.getWidth(), glView.getHeight());
			gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
			gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);
			gl.glLoadIdentity();
			gl.glOrthof(-160, 160, -240, 240, 1, -1);

			gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
                        //绑定纹理ID
                        gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);

			gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
			gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

			gl.glVertexPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices);

			gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, texture);
			// gl.glRotatef(1, 0, 1, 0);
			gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 6,
					GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indices);
		}

		public int loadTexture(String fileName,GL10 gl) {
			try {
				Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getAssets().open(
						fileName));
				int textureIds[] = new int[1];
				gl.glGenTextures(1, textureIds, 0);
				int textureId = textureIds[0];
				gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
				GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0);
				gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D,
						GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST);
				gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D,
						GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_NEAREST);
				gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
				bitmap.recycle();
				return textureId;
			} catch (IOException e) {
				Log.d("TexturedRectangleTest",
						"couldn't load asset 'bobrgb888.png'!");
				throw new RuntimeException("couldn't load asset '" + fileName
						+ "'");
			}
		}
	}
}

注意下我们这里用到的图片"bobrgb888.png"是png格式，存放在/assets/下，长宽是128*128，好像纹理图片最好是2的n次方大小，而且是正方形。

原文链接： http://www.waitingfy.com/?p=66

源码下载 gl-basics