在虚拟机RHEL 7.3安装Oracle 11g

 

 

1     . Linux.

1.1      设置为静态IP地址，并将DNS设置为与主机一致，

 

1.2   修改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostname

localhost.localdomain    ##Oracle数据库的安装在生产中要慎重考虑主机名，避免二次修改。

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ynosb

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl    ##验证是否成功

 

1.3   在/etc/hosts文件中设置主机域名解析

    # vi /etc/hosts

    192.168.59.144 dbserver

 

 

2     安装相关包

2.1  Oracle官方文档中确定要安装的包如下:

    binutils-2.17.50.0.6

    compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3

    compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)

    elfutils-libelf-0.125

    elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125

    gcc-4.1.2

    gcc-c++-4.1.2

    glibc-2.5-24

    glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit)

    glibc-common-2.5

    glibc-devel-2.5

    glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit)

    glibc-headers-2.5

    ksh-20060214

    libaio-0.3.106

    libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)

    libaio-devel-0.3.106

    libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)

    libgcc-4.1.2

    libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)

    libstdc++-4.1.2

    libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit)

    libstdc++-devel-4.1.2

    make-3.81

    numactl-devel-0.9.8.x86_64

    sysstat-7.0.2

2.2   检查上述系统中上述包的安装情况

# rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel

    # rpm -q glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat

2.3  安装上述包中系统未安装的包

从rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso的packages文件夹中拷贝下文件到虚拟机面机进行安装。

顺序很重要，如下：

#rpm -ivh glibc-2.17-157.el7.i686.rpm nss-softokn-freebl-3.16.2.3-14.4.el7.i686.rpm

#rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.17-157.el7.i686.rpm

#rpm -ivh libgcc-4.8.5-11.el7.i686.rpm

#rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686.rpm

#rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm

#rpm -ivh pkgconfig-0.27.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm

#rpm -ivh zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64.rpm

#rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.166-2.el7.x86_64.rpm

#rpm -ivh ksh-20120801-26.el7.x86_64.rpm

#rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686.rpm

#rpm -ivh libstdc++-4.8.5-11.el7.i686.rpm

#rpm -ivh numactl-devel-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm

#rpm -ivh sysstat-10.1.5-11.el7.x86_64.rpm

#rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm

#rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686.rpm

3     创建Oracle组和用户帐户

    # groupadd oinstall

    # groupadd dba

    # useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

    # passwd oracle

 

 

4     配置内核参数

4.1      修改文件/etc/sysctl.conf，添加以下内容:

    # /etc/sysctl.conf

    # for oracle

    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

    fs.file-max = 6815744

    kernel.shmall = 2097152

    # 官方文档kernel.shmmax = 536870912，实际软件中需要kernel.shmmax = 980742144

    kernel.shmmax = 980742144

    kernel.shmmni = 4096

    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

    net.core.rmem_default = 262144

    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

    net.core.wmem_default = 262144

    net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

    执行以下命令时参数生效:

    # /sbin/sysctl -p

    注: 内核参数设置可以在安装Oracle时产生的脚本修复。

 

 

4.2       修改文件/etc/security/limits.conf，添加以下内容:

    #vi  /etc/security/limits.conf

    # for oracle

    oracle              soft    nproc   2047

    oracle              hard    nproc   16384

    oracle              soft    nofile  1024

    oracle              hard    nofile  65536

    oracle              soft    stack   10240

5     修改/etc/pam.d/login，# vi /etc/pam.d/login,在文本末尾加上：

 

session    required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

session    required pam_limits.so

（以上可批量执行）

 

6     编辑Oracle用户环境，编辑.bash_profile文件

    # su - oracle

    $ vi .bash_profile

    编辑.bash_profile文件，添加以下内容

   export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl  #SID注意和自己即将建立的SID对应

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

export  ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID

存盘。

    $ source .bash_profile

关闭此终端。

 

7     解压

将linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip粘贴到桌面，再移动到/home/oracle中，解压的文件在/home/oracle/database目录中。进入/home/oracle目录，执行# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip，解压的文件在/home/oracle/database目录中。解压完成后可删除两个zip文件。

8     重启并以oracle用户的身份登录并开始安装

进入/home/oracle/database目录，执行$ ./runInstaller，当检查均通过，会出现oracle安装界面。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

安装时有出现一个错误:

    Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'...

    保留安装过程，另外开启一个终端窗口，将ins_emagent.mk文件中的$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)更改为$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11，然后在安装过程中点击Retry即可。

 

 

 

[root@localhost oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /home/oracle/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

 

Changing groupname of /home/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

 

[root@localhost dbhome_1]# ./root.sh

Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

 

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

 

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

 

 

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root.sh script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Finished product-specific root actions.

 

 

 

 

以下参照https://www.cnblogs.com/zzuyczhang/p/5681299.html

9     检查

9.1  检查监听状态 [oracle@ynosb ~]$ lsnrctl status

9.1.1      如未启动，则显示：

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-DEC-2018 14:12:20

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dbserver)(PORT=152

9.1.2      如已启动，则显示：

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-DEC-2018 14:16:12

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dbserver)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                05-DEC-2018 14:15:57

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 15 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /home/oracle/app/diag/tnslsnr/ynosb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ynosb)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

9.1.3       停止监听

[oracle@ynosb ~]$ lsnrctl stop

 

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-DEC-2018 14:18:58

 

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dbserver)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully

9.1.4      启动监听

[oracle@ynosb ~]$ lsnrctl start

 

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-DEC-2018 14:20:16

 

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Starting /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

 

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /home/oracle/app/diag/tnslsnr/ynosb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ynosb)(PORT=1521)))

 

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dbserver)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                05-DEC-2018 14:20:16

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /home/oracle/app/diag/tnslsnr/ynosb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ynosb)(PORT=1521)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

9.2  测试oracle监听：

9.2.1      本机上监听

[oracle@ynosb ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Dec 5 14:22:18 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved..

SQL> quit

9.2.2      网络监听

在本机上执行了lsnrctl start且关闭本机防火墙时（用# systemctl stop firewalld），找一台windows平台电脑，telnet oracle主机IP地址：1521，通的话，会出现一个黑屏，光标一闪一闪。

 

10   linux下创建oracle用户表空间

 

就是在已有的数据库实例上创建一个新的帐号，访问一些新的表

操作步骤如下：

(1)登录linux，以oracle用户登录（如果是root用户登录的，登录后用 su - oracle命令切换成oracle用户）

(2)以sysdba方式来打开sqlplus，命令如下： sqlplus "/as sysdba"

[oracle@ynosb ~]$ sqlplus " / as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Dec 5 11:45:42 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

(3)查看我们常规将用户表空间放置位置：

 SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

(4)创建用户表空间：

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE NOTIFYDB DATAFILE '/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/scsdb.dbf' SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;

Tablespace created.

(5)创建用户，指定密码和上边创建的用户表空间

SQL> CREATE USER scs IDENTIFIED BY scs DEFAULT TABLESPACE NOTIFYDB;       

User created.

 (6)赋予权限

SQL> grant connect,resource to scs;

Grant succeeded.

 

SQL> grant unlimited tablespace to scs;

Grant succeeded.

 

SQL> grant create database link to scs;

Grant succeeded.

 

SQL> grant select any sequence,create materialized view to scs;

Grant succeeded.

 

--经过以上操作，我们就可以使用scs/scs登录指定的实例，创建我们自己的表了