5.2 - 常用查找算法

算法简介：

• find                    //查找元素
• find_if                //按条件查找元素
• adjacent_find    //查找相邻重复元素
• binary_search   //二分查找法
• count                 //统计元素个数
• count_if             //按条件统计元素个数

一、find

功能描述

• 查找指定元素，找到返回指定元素的迭代器，找不到返回结束迭代器end()

函数原型

• find(iterator beg, iterator end, value);

   //beg开始迭代器

   //end结束迭代器

   //value查找的元素

#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
using namespace std;


void test01()
{
	vector<int> v;
	for (int i=0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}

	vector<int>::iterator it = find(v.begin(), v.end(), 5);
	if (it == v.end())
	{
		cout << "没有找到" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "找到： " << *it << endl;
	}
}

//查找自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this->m_name = name;
		this->m_age = age;
	}

	//重载等号 让底层find知道如何对比Person数据类型
	bool operator==(const Person& p)
	{
		if (this->m_name == p.m_name && this->m_age == p.m_age)
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}
	string m_name;
	int m_age;
};

void test02()
{
	vector<Person> v;
	//创建数据
	Person p1("aaa", 10);
	Person p2("bbb", 30);
	Person p3("ccc", 20);
	Person p4("ddd", 40);
	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);

	vector<Person>::iterator it =find(v.begin(), v.end(), p2);
	if (it == v.end())
	{
		cout << "没有找到" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "找到： " << (*it).m_name << (*it).m_age << endl;
	}
}


int main()
{
	test01();
	test02();
}

二、find_if

函数原型

• find_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _pred);

       beg 开始迭代器

       end 结束迭代器

       _pred函数或者谓词（返回bool类型的仿函数）

#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class GreaterFive
{
public:
	bool operator()(int val)
	{
		return val > 5;
	}
};

void test01()
{
	vector<int> v;
	for (int i=0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}

	vector<int>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreaterFive());
	if (it == v.end())
	{
		cout << "未找到" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "找到大于5的数为：" << *it << endl;
	}
	
}

//查找自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this->m_name = name;
		this->m_age = age;
	}

	string m_name;
	int m_age;
};

class Greater20
{
public:
	bool operator()(Person& p)
	{
		return p.m_age > 20;
	}
};

void test02()
{
	vector<Person> v;
	//创建数据
	Person p1("aaa", 10);
	Person p2("bbb", 30);
	Person p3("ccc", 20);
	Person p4("ddd", 40);
	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);

	//找年龄大于20的人
	vector<Person>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
	if (it == v.end())
	{
		cout << "未找到" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "姓名：" << (*it).m_name << " 年龄："<<(*it).m_age<< endl;
	}
}


int main()
{
	test01();
	test02();
}

三、adjacent_find

函数原型

• adjacent_find(iterator beg, iterator end);

    //查找相邻重复元素，返回相邻元素的第一个位置的迭代器

    //beg开始迭代器

    //end结束迭代器

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

void test01()
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(0);
	v.push_back(2);
	v.push_back(0);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(0);
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(0);

	vector<int>::iterator pos = adjacent_find(v.begin(), v.end());
	if (pos == v.end())
	{
		cout << "没有找到相邻重复元素"<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "找到相邻重复元素:" << *pos << endl;
	}

}

int main()
{
	test01();
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

四、binary_search

函数原型

• bool binary_search（iterator beg, iterator endy, value);

       //查找指定的元素，查到返回true，否则false

      //注意在无序序列中不可用

     //beg 开始迭代器

     //end 结束迭代器

    //value查找的元素

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

void test01()
{
	vector<int> v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}

	//v.push_back(2);
	//查找容器中是否有9
	//注意必须是有序序列
	bool ret = binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(), 9);
	if (ret == true)
	{
		cout << "找到了元素" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "未找到" << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

五、count 

• count(iterator beg, iterator end, value);

     //统计元素出现次数

     //beg开始迭代器

     //end结束迭代器

    //value 统计的元素

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>


//1、内置数据类型
void test01()
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(20);

	int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), 20);
	cout << "20的元素个数为： " << num << endl;
}

//2、自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this->m_name = name;
		this->m_age = age;
	}
	bool operator==(const Person & p)    //const不能丢
	{
		if (this->m_age == p.m_age)
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}
	string m_name;
	int m_age;
};
void test02()
{
	vector<Person> v;
	Person p1("刘备1", 20);
	Person p2("刘备2", 30);
	Person p3("刘备3", 40);
	Person p4("刘备4", 50);
	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);

	Person p("诸葛亮", 30);
	int num = count(v.begin(), v.end(), p);
	cout << "和诸葛亮同岁数的人个数为：" << num << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

六、count_if

• count_if(iterator beg, iterator end,_Pred);

     //按条件统计元素出现次数

     //beg开始迭代器

    //end结束迭代器

     //_Pred谓词

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>


//1、内置数据类型
class Greater20
{
public:
	bool operator()(int val)
	{
		return val > 20;
	}
};

void test01()
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(50);
	v.push_back(60);

	int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
	cout << "大于20的元素个数为： " << num << endl;
}

//2、自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this->m_name = name;
		this->m_age = age;
	}
	bool operator==(const Person & p)    //const不能丢
	{
		if (this->m_age == p.m_age)
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}
	string m_name;
	int m_age;
};

class AgeGreater20
{
public:
	bool operator()(const Person &p)
	{
		return p.m_age > 20;
	}
};

void test02()
{
	vector<Person> v;
	Person p1("刘备1", 20);
	Person p2("刘备2", 30);
	Person p3("刘备3", 40);
	Person p4("刘备4", 50);
	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);

	//统计大于30岁人员个数
	int num = count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), AgeGreater20());
	cout << "大于20岁人员个数为：" << num << endl;
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}