概述
本文介绍linux字符设备注册相关的四个函数:cdev_alloc、cdev_init、cdev_add和cdev_del。这四个函数在文件:fs/char_dev.c中定义,在头文件include/linux/cdev.h中声明。其中cdev_alloc和cdev_init是一对“互斥”函数,以不同的方式完成“相同”的功能:为函数cdev_add做前期准备。
cdev_alloc
504 /**
505 * cdev_alloc() - allocate a cdev structure
506 *
507 * Allocates and returns a cdev structure, or NULL on failure.
508 */
509 struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
510 {
511 struct cdev *p = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
512 if (p) {
513 p->kobj.ktype = &ktype_cdev_dynamic;
514 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list);
515 kobject_init(&p->kobj);
516 }
517 return p;
518 }从函数名称和第511行的代码可以看出:这个函数动态申请结构体struct cdev,并对其进行初始化,最后将其指针返回。下面结合cdev_init进行进一步说明。
cdev_init
520 /**
521 * cdev_init() - initialize a cdev structure
522 * @cdev: the structure to initialize
523 * @fops: the file_operations for this device
524 *
525 * Initializes @cdev, remembering @fops, making it ready to add to the
526 * system with cdev_add().
527 */
528 void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
529 {
530 memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
531 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
532 cdev->kobj.ktype = &ktype_cdev_default;
533 kobject_init(&cdev->kobj);
534 cdev->ops = fops;
535 }cdev_alloc和cdev_init的主要区别是:前者动态申请结构体struct cdev并对其进行初始化,后者将通过参数传进来的结构体struct cdev进行初始化。
另一个主要区别是:cdev_alloc函数中没有对struct cdev的ops域进行初始化,需要在cdev_alloc函数调用之后有专门的代码对struct cdev的ops域进行初始化,而cdev_init函数中使用通过参数传进来的struct file_operations结构体指针对struct cdev的ops域进行初始化,所以在函数cdev_init调用之后不需要再对struct cdev的ops域进行初始化。
cdev_add
447 /**
448 * cdev_add() - add a char device to the system
449 * @p: the cdev structure for the device
450 * @dev: the first device number for which this device is responsible
451 * @count: the number of consecutive minor numbers corresponding to this
452 * device
453 *
454 * cdev_add() adds the device represented by @p to the system, making it
455 * live immediately. A negative error code is returned on failure.
456 */
457 int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
458 {
459 p->dev = dev;
460 p->count = count;
461 return kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL, exact_match, exact_lock, p);
462 }函数cdev_alloc和cdev_init只是(申请)并初始化了(部分)结构体struct cdev,此时,struct cdev和内核还没有任何关系。
函数cdev_add就是将函数cdev_alloc和cdev_init初始化后的struct cdev结构体注册到内核中(第461行),自此内核就可以访问设备了。
cdev_del
本函数和函数cdev_add功能相反,从内核中删除设备。