linux字符设备注册相关函数

概述

本文介绍linux字符设备注册相关的四个函数：cdev_alloc、cdev_init、cdev_add和cdev_del。这四个函数在文件：fs/char_dev.c中定义，在头文件include/linux/cdev.h中声明。其中cdev_alloc和cdev_init是一对“互斥”函数，以不同的方式完成“相同”的功能：为函数cdev_add做前期准备。

cdev_alloc

504 /**
505  * cdev_alloc() - allocate a cdev structure
506  *
507  * Allocates and returns a cdev structure, or NULL on failure.
508  */
509 struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
510 {
511     struct cdev *p = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
512     if (p) {
513         p->kobj.ktype = &ktype_cdev_dynamic;
514         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list);
515         kobject_init(&p->kobj);
516     }
517     return p;
518 }

从函数名称和第511行的代码可以看出：这个函数动态申请结构体struct cdev，并对其进行初始化，最后将其指针返回。下面结合cdev_init进行进一步说明。

cdev_init

520 /**
521  * cdev_init() - initialize a cdev structure
522  * @cdev: the structure to initialize
523  * @fops: the file_operations for this device
524  *
525  * Initializes @cdev, remembering @fops, making it ready to add to the
526  * system with cdev_add().
527  */
528 void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
529 {
530     memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
531     INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
532     cdev->kobj.ktype = &ktype_cdev_default;
533     kobject_init(&cdev->kobj);
534     cdev->ops = fops;
535 }

cdev_alloc和cdev_init的主要区别是：前者动态申请结构体struct cdev并对其进行初始化，后者将通过参数传进来的结构体struct cdev进行初始化。

另一个主要区别是：cdev_alloc函数中没有对struct cdev的ops域进行初始化，需要在cdev_alloc函数调用之后有专门的代码对struct cdev的ops域进行初始化，而cdev_init函数中使用通过参数传进来的struct file_operations结构体指针对struct cdev的ops域进行初始化，所以在函数cdev_init调用之后不需要再对struct cdev的ops域进行初始化。

cdev_add

447 /**
448  * cdev_add() - add a char device to the system
449  * @p: the cdev structure for the device
450  * @dev: the first device number for which this device is responsible
451  * @count: the number of consecutive minor numbers corresponding to this
452  *         device
453  *
454  * cdev_add() adds the device represented by @p to the system, making it
455  * live immediately.  A negative error code is returned on failure.
456  */
457 int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
458 {
459     p->dev = dev;
460     p->count = count;
461     return kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL, exact_match, exact_lock, p);
462 }

函数cdev_alloc和cdev_init只是（申请）并初始化了（部分）结构体struct cdev，此时，struct cdev和内核还没有任何关系。

函数cdev_add就是将函数cdev_alloc和cdev_init初始化后的struct cdev结构体注册到内核中（第461行），自此内核就可以访问设备了。

cdev_del

本函数和函数cdev_add功能相反，从内核中删除设备。