Linux基本操作（6）-重定向管道命令详解

一、重定向命令：输出重定向和输入重定向。

1、正确输出重定向，覆盖到原来的后面：1>等价于>
2、正确输出重定向，追加到原来的后面：1>>等价于>>
3、错误输出重定向，覆盖到原来的后面：2>
4、错误输出重定向，追加到到原来的后面：2>>

 [root@localhost ~]# cd /home/jiaofan
[root@localhost jiaofan]# ls /home   /ddd
ls: 无法访问/ddd: 没有那个文件或目录
/home:
jiao1  jiao2  jiaofan  user100
[root@localhost jiaofan]# ls /home   /ddd  >> yes.txt    2>>  no.txt
[root@localhost jiaofan]# cat yes.txt 
/home:
jiao1
jiao2
jiaofan
user100
[root@localhost jiaofan]# cat no.txt
ls: 无法访问/ddd: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

4、正确错误所有的都重定向到同一个文件中：&>

[root@localhost jiaofan]# ls /home   /aaaa   &>  yesno.txt
[root@localhost jiaofan]# cat yesno.txt
ls: 无法访问/aaaa: 没有那个文件或目录
/home:
jiao1
jiao2
jiaofan
user100
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

5、输入重定向：0<等价于<
5.1 发送邮件实验;：mail -s “标题” 用户名

说明：mail(发送邮件)，-s（标题），.(结束)
[root@localhost jiaofan]# mail -s "aa"  jiaofan
aaa
ddd
.
EOT
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 
[jiaofan@localhost ~]$ mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/jiaofan": 1 message 1 new
>N  1 root                  Tue Mar 23 11:36  19/613   "aa"
& 1
Message  1:
From root@localhost.localdomain  Tue Mar 23 11:36:17 2021
Return-Path: <root@localhost.localdomain>
X-Original-To: jiaofan
Delivered-To: jiaofan@localhost.localdomain
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2021 11:36:16 +0800
To: jiaofan@localhost.localdomain
Subject: aa
User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
From: root@localhost.localdomain (root)
Status: R

aaa
ddd

& 

5.2 利用重定向发送邮件：

[root@localhost jiaofan]# cat yes.txt
/home:
jiao1
jiao2
jiaofan
user100
[root@localhost jiaofan]# mail -s "a" jiaofan  <  yes.txt
[jiaofan@localhost ~]$ su - jiaofan
密码：
上一次登录：二 3月 23 11:38:53 CST 2021pts/0 上
[jiaofan@localhost ~]$ mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/jiaofan": 2 messages 2 new
>N  1 root                  Tue Mar 23 11:36  19/613   "aa"
 N  2 root                  Tue Mar 23 11:38  22/639   "a"
& 2
Message  2:
From root@localhost.localdomain  Tue Mar 23 11:38:43 2021
Return-Path: <root@localhost.localdomain>
X-Original-To: jiaofan
Delivered-To: jiaofan@localhost.localdomain
Date: Tue, 23 Mar 2021 11:38:43 +0800
To: jiaofan@localhost.localdomain
Subject: a
User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
From: root@localhost.localdomain (root)
Status: R

/home:
jiao1
jiao2
jiaofan
user100

& q
Held 2 messages in /var/spool/mail/jiaofan
您在 /var/spool/mail/jiaofan 中有邮件
[jiaofan@localhost ~]$ 

二、管道命令：进程管道Piping、tee管道、参数传递Xargs.

1、管道命令：|
2、tee管道

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat /etc/passwd | head -4  | tee /home/jiaofan/1.txt | head -2
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat /home/jiaofan/1.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
[root@localhost network-scripts]# 
cat /etc/passwd | head -4 查看文件passwd的前四行
tee /home/jiaofan/1.txt  把cat /etc/passwd | head -4的结果放入文件1.txt.
head -2在屏幕中显示两行

3、管道后面接cp、rm需要用Xargs：删除/home/jiaofan/下的file1、file2、fil3

[root@localhost jiaofan]# touch file{1..5}
[root@localhost jiaofan]# ls
111.txt  2.txt      file2      file4        yesno.txt  视频  音乐
11.txt   dir1       file2.txt  file5        yes.txt    图片  桌面
1.txt    file1      file3      ifcfg-ens33  公共       文档
22.txt   file1.txt  file3.txt  no.txt       模板       下载
[root@localhost jiaofan]# cat 2.txt
/home/jiaofan/file1
/home/jiaofan/file2
/home/jiaofan/file3

[root@localhost jiaofan]# cat 2.txt | xargs rm -rvf
已删除"/home/jiaofan/file1"
已删除"/home/jiaofan/file2"
已删除"/home/jiaofan/file3"
[root@localhost jiaofan]#