C++(11)：auto通过初始化类型推导变量类型

C++11赋予了auto新的含义，可以通过auto自动推导变量的类型：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
	auto i = 1;
	cout<<"type of i is:"<<typeid(i).name()<<endl;
	auto m = 3.14;
	cout<<"type of m is:"<<typeid(m).name()<<endl;
	auto n = &i;
	cout<<"type of n is:"<<typeid(n).name()<<endl;
	auto k = i;
	cout<<"type of k is:"<<typeid(k).name()<<endl;
	auto l = "hello word";
	cout<<"type of l is:"<<typeid(l).name()<<endl;
	return 0;
}

运行程序输出：
type of i is:i
type of m is:d
type of n is:Pi
type of k is:i
type of l is:PKc

auto可以简化复杂类型的变量定义：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main(){
	vector<int> a = {1, 2, 3, 4};
	for(auto i = a.begin(); i < a.end(); i&