面向对象之成员变量之二

题：指出下面程序的错误。如果把静态成员数据设为私有，该如何访问？【中国台湾某著名计算机硬件公司2005年11月面试题】

// P106_example2.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>


class Cat
{
private:
	int itsAge;
public:
	static int HowManyCats;
	Cat(int age): itsAge(age)
	{
		HowManyCats++;
	}
	virtual ~Cat()
	{
		HowManyCats--;
	}
	virtual int GetAge()
	{
		return itsAge;
	}
	virtual void SetAge(int age)
	{
		itsAge = age;
	}
};


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	const int MaxCats = 5;
	int i;
	Cat *CatHouse[MaxCats];
	for(i = 0; i < MaxCats; i++)
	{
		CatHouse[i] = new Cat(i);
	}
	for(i = 0; i < MaxCats; i++)
	{
		std::cout<<"There are "<<Cat::HowManyCats<<" cats left!"<<std::endl;
		std::cout<<"Deleting the one which is "<<CatHouse[i]->GetAge()<<" years old."<<std::endl;
		delete CatHouse[i];
		CatHouse[i] = 0;
	}
	return 0;
}

答案： 该程序错在设定了静态成员变量，却没有给静态成员变量赋初值。 如果把静态成员数据设为私有，可以通过公有静态成员函数访问。

// P106_example2.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>


class Cat
{
private:
	int itsAge;	
	static int HowManyCats;
public:Cat(int age): itsAge(age){HowManyCats++;}virtual ~Cat(){HowManyCats--;}virtual int GetAge(){return itsAge;}virtual void SetAge(int age){itsAge = age;}
static int GetHowMany() {
return HowManyCats; }};int Cat::HowManyCats = 0;void tele(){
std::cout<<"There are "<<Cat::GetHowMany()<<"Cats alive!"<<std::endl;}int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]){const int MaxCats = 5;int i;Cat *CatHouse[MaxCats];for(i = 0; i < MaxCats; i++){CatHouse[i] = new Cat(i);
tele();}for(i = 0; i < MaxCats; i++){delete CatHouse[i];tele();}return 0;}