- //[转]JAVA取本机ip地址的正确方法,ipv6有效
- //除普通环境,还能适用于多网卡的、Linux环境
- import java.net.Inet6Address;
- import java.net.InetAddress;
- import java.net.NetworkInterface;
- import java.util.Enumeration;
- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- Test t = new Test();
- t.getLocalIP();
- }
- public void getLocalIP() throws Exception {
- Enumeration e1 = (Enumeration) NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
- while (e1.hasMoreElements()) {
- NetworkInterface ni = (NetworkInterface) e1.nextElement();
- System.out.print(ni.getName());
- System.out.print(": ");
- Enumeration e2 = ni.getInetAddresses();
- while (e2.hasMoreElements()) {
- InetAddress ia = (InetAddress) e2.nextElement();
- if (ia instanceof Inet6Address)
- continue; // omit IPv6 address
- System.out.print(ia.getHostAddress());
- if (e2.hasMoreElements()) {
- System.out.print(", ");
- }
- }
- System.out.print("\n");
- }
- }
- }
- 在JSP里,获取客户端的IP地址的方法是:request.getRemoteAddr(),这种方法在大部分情况下都是有效的。但是在通过了Apache,Squid等反向代理软件就不能获取到客户端的真实IP地址了。
- 如果使用了反向代理软件,用request.getRemoteAddr()方法获取的IP地址是:127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110,而并不是客户端的真实IP。
- 经过代理以后,由于在客户端和服务之间增加了中间层,因此服务器无法直接拿到客户端的IP,服务器端应用也无法直接通过转发请求的地址返回给客户端。但是在转发请求的HTTP头信息中,增加了X-FORWARDED-FOR信息。用以跟踪原有的客户端IP地址和原来客户端请求的服务器地址。当我们访问 时,其实并不是我们浏览器真正访问到了服务器上的index.jsp文件,而是先由代理服务器去访问 ,代理服务器再将访问到的结果返回给我们的浏览器,因为是代理服务器去访问index.jsp的,所以index.jsp中通过request.getRemoteAddr()的方法获取的IP实际上是代理服务器的地址,并不是客户端的IP地址。
- 于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法一:
- public String getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest request) {
- if (request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for") == null) {
- return request.getRemoteAddr();
- }
- return request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
- }
- 可是当我访问 时,返回的IP地址始终是unknown,也并不是如上所示的127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110了,而我访问 :2046/index.jsp 时,则能返回客户端的真实IP地址,写了个方法去验证。原因出在了Squid上。squid.conf 的配制文件 forwarded_for 项默认是为on,如果 forwarded_for 设成了 off 则:X-Forwarded-For: unknown
- 于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法二:
- public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
- String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
- if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
- ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
- }
- if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
- ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
- }
- if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
- ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
- }
- return ip;
- }
- 可是,如果通过了多级反向代理的话,X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个,而是一串Ip值,究竟哪个才是真正的用户端的真实IP呢?
- 答案是取X-Forwarded-For中第一个非unknown的有效IP字符串。
- 如:X-Forwarded-For:192.168.1.110, 192.168.1.120, 192.168.1.130, 192.168.1.100用户真实IP为: 192.168.1.110
- try {
- InetAddress[] ia = InetAddress.getAllByName(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName());
- for(int i=0;i <ia.length;i++){
- System.out.print(ia[i].getHostAddress().toString());
- }
- } catch (UnknownHostException ex) {
- // TODO 自动生成 catch 块
- ex.printStackTrace();
- }
- public String[] getIpAddress(String hostname) throws SocketException,UnknownHostException {
- String[] get = null;
- InetAddress[] inetAddress = null;
- if (new CommonConvert().isEmpty(hostname)) {hostname = "localhost ";}
- inetAddress = Inet4Address.getAllByName(hostname.toLowerCase());
- if (inetAddress.length > 0 && inetAddress != null) {
- get = new String[inetAddress.length];
- for (int i = 0;i <inetAddress.length;i++) {
- get[i] = inetAddress[i].getHostAddress();
- }
- }
- return get;
- }
- 使用request对象的以下三个方法可以得到相关的信息,不过如果中间有代理服务器的话,则不适用了。以下是API文档中的说明:
- String getRemoteAddr()
- Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the client or last proxy that sent the request.
- String getRemoteHost()
- Returns the fully qualified name of the client or the last proxy that sent the request.
- int getRemotePort()
- Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) source port of the client or last proxy that sent the request.