由于voc是将有的xml文件都放在了Annotations文件夹下，但是coco数据集，是将train和val的数据信息分别放在一个文件里，并且都是json文件。
为了方便数据整理，文件夹自己设置为（coco数据集本来不是这种个数，但是为了自己方便转换，所以这样子建的文件夹格式）：
|---coco2021
|---ann_train2012
|---ann_val2012
|---Main_new(存放准备步骤得到的txt文件，其实就是复制了voc里的ImageSets里Main文件，然后重命名了)
|---VOC2012（里面存放的自己voc数据集，这里的voc数据集格式是标准的）
|---Annotations
|---ImageSets
|---JPEGImages
|---TempAnnotations
|---classes.txt
所以
第一步，是要将voc数据集里Annotations下的文件，先按照train和val分别放在两个文件夹里。
第二步，将两个文件夹里的xml文件再分别转换成coco数据集的json格式。
准备步骤：第一步的前提，需要有存放voc数据集的train和val的xml文件名的txt文件。
程序如下：
（说明：程序来源于Bubbliiiing的yolov5里的voc_annotation.py，b站有视频）
import os
import random
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import numpy as np
from utils.utils import get_classes
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# annotation_mode用于指定该文件运行时计算的内容
# annotation_mode为0代表整个标签处理过程，包括获得VOCdevkit/VOC2007/ImageSets里面的txt以及训练用的2007_train.txt、2007_val.txt
# annotation_mode为1代表获得VOCdevkit/VOC2007/ImageSets里面的txt
# annotation_mode为2代表获得训练用的2007_train.txt、2007_val.txt
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
annotation_mode = 0
#-------------------------------------------------------------------#
# 必须要修改，用于生成2007_train.txt、2007_val.txt的目标信息
# 与训练和预测所用的classes_path一致即可
# 如果生成的2007_train.txt里面没有目标信息
# 那么就是因为classes没有设定正确
# 仅在annotation_mode为0和2的时候有效
#-------------------------------------------------------------------#
classes_path = 'model_data/classes.txt'
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# trainval_percent用于指定(训练集+验证集)与测试集的比例，默认情况下 (训练集+验证集):测试集 = 9:1
# train_percent用于指定(训练集+验证集)中训练集与验证集的比例，默认情况下 训练集:验证集 = 9:1
# 仅在annotation_mode为0和1的时候有效
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
trainval_percent = 0.9
train_percent = 0.9
#-------------------------------------------------------#
# 指向VOC数据集所在的文件夹
# 默认指向根目录下的VOC数据集
#-------------------------------------------------------#
VOCdevkit_path = 'VOCdevkit'
VOCdevkit_sets = [('2007', 'train'), ('2007', 'val')]
classes, _ = get_classes(classes_path)
#-------------------------------------------------------#
# 统计目标数量
#-------------------------------------------------------#
photo_nums = np.zeros(len(VOCdevkit_sets))
nums = np.zeros(len(classes))
def convert_annotation(year, image_id, list_file):
in_file = open(os.path.join(VOCdevkit_path, 'VOC%s/Annotations/%s.xml'%(year, image_id)), encoding='utf-8')
tree=ET.parse(in_file)
root = tree.getroot()
for obj in root.iter('object'):
difficult = 0
if obj.find('difficult')!=None:
difficult = obj.find('difficult').text
cls = obj.find('name').text
if cls not in classes or int(difficult)==1:
continue
cls_id = classes.index(cls)
xmlbox = obj.find('bndbox')
b = (int(float(xmlbox.find('xmin').text)), int(float(xmlbox.find('ymin').text)), int(float(xmlbox.find('xmax').text)), int(float(xmlbox.find('ymax').text)))
list_file.write(" " + ",".join([str(a) for a in b]) + ',' + str(cls_id))
nums[classes.index(cls)] = nums[classes.index(cls)] + 1
if __name__ == "__main__":
random.seed(0)
if " " in os.path.abspath(VOCdevkit_path):
raise ValueError("数据集存放的文件夹路径与图片名称中不可以存在空格，否则会影响正常的模型训练，请注意修改。")
if annotation_mode == 0 or annotation_mode == 1:
print("Generate txt in ImageSets.")
xmlfilepath = os.path.join(VOCdevkit_path, 'VOC2007/Annotations')
saveBasePath = os.path.join(VOCdevkit_path, 'VOC2007/ImageSets/Main')
temp_xml = os.listdir(xmlfilepath)
total_xml = []
for xml in temp_xml:
if xml.endswith(".xml"):
total_xml.append(xml)
num = len(total_xml)
list = range(num)
tv = int(num*trainval_percent)
tr = int(tv*train_percent)
trainval= random.sample(list,tv)
train = random.sample(trainval,tr)
print("train and val size",tv)
print("train size",tr)
ftrainval = open(os.path.join(saveBasePath,'trainval.txt'), 'w')
ftest = open(os.path.join(saveBasePath,'test.txt'), 'w')
ftrain = open(os.path.join(saveBasePath,'train.txt'), 'w')
fval = open(os.path.join(saveBasePath,'val.txt'), 'w')
for i in list:
name=total_xml[i][:-4]+'\n'
if i in trainval:
ftrainval.write(name)
if i in train:
ftrain.write(name)
else:
fval.write(name)
else:
ftest.write(name)
ftrainval.close()
ftrain.close()
fval.close()
ftest.close()
print("Generate txt in ImageSets done.")
if annotation_mode == 0 or annotation_mode == 2:
print("Generate 2007_train.txt and 2007_val.txt for train.")
type_index = 0
for year, image_set in VOCdevkit_sets:
image_ids = open(os.path.join(VOCdevkit_path, 'VOC%s/ImageSets/Main/%s.txt'%(year, image_set)), encoding='utf-8').read().strip().split()
list_file = open('%s_%s.txt'%(year, image_set), 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for image_id in image_ids:
list_file.write('%s/VOC%s/JPEGImages/%s.jpg'%(os.path.abspath(VOCdevkit_path), year, image_id))
convert_annotation(year, image_id, list_file)
list_file.write('\n')
photo_nums[type_index] = len(image_ids)
type_index += 1
list_file.close()
print("Generate 2007_train.txt and 2007_val.txt for train done.")
def printTable(List1, List2):
for i in range(len(List1[0])):
print("|", end=' ')
for j in range(len(List1)):
print(List1[j][i].rjust(int(List2[j])), end=' ')
print("|", end=' ')
print()
str_nums = [str(int(x)) for x in nums]
tableData = [
classes, str_nums
]
colWidths = [0]*len(tableData)
len1 = 0
for i in range(len(tableData)):
for j in range(len(tableData[i])):
if len(tableData[i][j]) > colWidths[i]:
colWidths[i] = len(tableData[i][j])
printTable(tableData, colWidths)
if photo_nums[0] <= 500:
print("训练集数量小于500，属于较小的数据量，请注意设置较大的训练世代（Epoch）以满足足够的梯度下降次数（Step）。")
if np.sum(nums) == 0:
print("在数据集中并未获得任何目标，请注意修改classes_path对应自己的数据集，并且保证标签名字正确，否则训练将会没有任何效果！")
print("在数据集中并未获得任何目标，请注意修改classes_path对应自己的数据集，并且保证标签名字正确，否则训练将会没有任何效果！")
print("在数据集中并未获得任何目标，请注意修改classes_path对应自己的数据集，并且保证标签名字正确，否则训练将会没有任何效果！")
print("（重要的事情说三遍）。")
通过15行，可以获得几个txt文件，其中包含了train和val的txt文件，存放的是对应的训练集和验证集的 xml文件的名字 。
然后就可以进行步骤一了。
步骤1：先建立两个文件夹，ann_train2012和ann_val2012，用于存放生成的对应的xml文件（将annnotations文件夹里的文件，根据上面脚本得到的两个txt文件，进行分开存放）。
要改的地方，就4个，就是写中文注释的地方。
ann_train2012存放对应的xml文件：
import os
import shutil
# the path is you original file directory
# the newpath is the new directory
class BatchCopy():
def __init__(self):
self.path = '/****/coco2012/VOC2012/Annotations' ####voc是将将所有xml文件都放在同一目录下
self.newpath = '/***/coco2012/ann_train2012' ####要将训练集的xml文件单独放一个目录
def copy_file(self):
filelist = os.listdir(self.path) # file list in this directory
# print(len(filelist))
test_list = loadFileList()
# print(len(test_list))
for f in filelist:
filedir = os.path.join(self.path, f)
(shotname, extension) = os.path.splitext(f)
if str(shotname) in test_list:
# print('success')
shutil.copyfile(str(filedir), os.path.join(self.newpath, f))
# load the list of train/test file list
def loadFileList():
filelist = []
f = open("/***/coco2012/Main_new/new_train.txt", "r") ##此txt文件，存放的是train的xml文件的名字（因为上述脚本得到的有train test val三个txt文件，此处我将train和test的txt文件内容进行合并，得到了new_train.txt，也就是不用test）
lines = f.readlines()
for line in lines:
line = line.strip('\r\n') # to remove the '\n' for test.txt, '\r\n' for tainval.txt
line = str(line)
filelist.append(line)
f.close()
# print(filelist)
return filelist
if __name__ == '__main__':
demo = BatchCopy()
demo.copy_file()
filelist = os.listdir('/***/coco2012/ann_train2012') ####训练集的xml文件单独放的目录
# print(len(filelist))
ann_val2012存放对应的文件（其实就是把上面的程序修改了txt文件和保存地址）：
import os
import shutil
# the path is you original file directory
# the newpath is the new directory
class BatchCopy():
def __init__(self):
self.path = '/****/coco2012/VOC2012/Annotations' ####voc是将将所有xml文件都放在同一目录下
self.newpath = '/***/coco2012/ann_val2012' ####要将验证集的xml文件单独放一个目录
def copy_file(self):
filelist = os.listdir(self.path) # file list in this directory
# print(len(filelist))
test_list = loadFileList()
# print(len(test_list))
for f in filelist:
filedir = os.path.join(self.path, f)
(shotname, extension) = os.path.splitext(f)
if str(shotname) in test_list:
# print('success')
shutil.copyfile(str(filedir), os.path.join(self.newpath, f))
# load the list of train/test file list
def loadFileList():
filelist = []
f = open("/***/coco2012/Main_new/val.txt", "r") ##此txt文件，存放的是val的xml文件的名字
lines = f.readlines()
for line in lines:
line = line.strip('\r\n') # to remove the '\n' for test.txt, '\r\n' for tainval.txt
line = str(line)
filelist.append(line)
f.close()
# print(filelist)
return filelist
if __name__ == '__main__':
demo = BatchCopy()
demo.copy_file()
filelist = os.listdir('/***/coco2012/ann_val2012') ####验证集的xml文件单独放的目录
# print(len(filelist))
步骤2：将xml文件转换成json文件
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import os
import json
coco = dict()
coco['images'] = []
coco['type'] = 'instances'
coco['annotations'] = []
coco['categories'] = []
category_set = dict()
image_set = set()
category_item_id = -1
image_id = 20180000000
annotation_id = 0
def addCatItem(name):
global category_item_id
category_item = dict()
category_item['supercategory'] = 'none'
category_item_id += 1
category_item['id'] = category_item_id
category_item['name'] = name
coco['categories'].append(category_item)
category_set[name] = category_item_id
return category_item_id
def addImgItem(file_name, size):
global image_id
if file_name is None:
raise Exception('Could not find filename tag in xml file.')
if size['width'] is None:
raise Exception('Could not find width tag in xml file.')
if size['height'] is None:
raise Exception('Could not find height tag in xml file.')
image_id += 1
image_item = dict()
image_item['id'] = image_id
image_item['file_name'] = file_name
image_item['width'] = size['width']
image_item['height'] = size['height']
coco['images'].append(image_item)
image_set.add(file_name)
return image_id
def addAnnoItem(object_name, image_id, category_id, bbox):
global annotation_id
annotation_item = dict()
annotation_item['segmentation'] = []
seg = []
# bbox[] is x,y,w,h
# left_top
seg.append(bbox[0])
seg.append(bbox[1])
# left_bottom
seg.append(bbox[0])
seg.append(bbox[1] + bbox[3])
# right_bottom
seg.append(bbox[0] + bbox[2])
seg.append(bbox[1] + bbox[3])
# right_top
seg.append(bbox[0] + bbox[2])
seg.append(bbox[1])
annotation_item['segmentation'].append(seg)
annotation_item['area'] = bbox[2] * bbox[3]
annotation_item['iscrowd'] = 0
annotation_item['ignore'] = 0
annotation_item['image_id'] = image_id
annotation_item['bbox'] = bbox
annotation_item['category_id'] = category_id
annotation_id += 1
annotation_item['id'] = annotation_id
coco['annotations'].append(annotation_item)
def parseXmlFiles(xml_path):
for f in os.listdir(xml_path):
if not f.endswith('.xml'):
continue
bndbox = dict()
size = dict()
current_image_id = None
current_category_id = None
file_name = None
size['width'] = None
size['height'] = None
size['depth'] = None
xml_file = os.path.join(xml_path, f)
print(xml_file)
tree = ET.parse(xml_file)
root = tree.getroot()
if root.tag != 'annotation':
raise Exception('pascal voc xml root element should be annotation, rather than {}'.format(root.tag))
# elem is <folder>, <filename>, <size>, <object>
for elem in root:
current_parent = elem.tag
current_sub = None
object_name = None
if elem.tag == 'folder':
continue
if elem.tag == 'filename':
file_name = elem.text
if file_name in category_set:
raise Exception('file_name duplicated')
# add img item only after parse <size> tag
elif current_image_id is None and file_name is not None and size['width'] is not None:
if file_name not in image_set:
current_image_id = addImgItem(file_name, size)
print('add image with {} and {}'.format(file_name, size))
else:
raise Exception('duplicated image: {}'.format(file_name))
# subelem is <width>, <height>, <depth>, <name>, <bndbox>
for subelem in elem:
bndbox['xmin'] = None
bndbox['xmax'] = None
bndbox['ymin'] = None
bndbox['ymax'] = None
current_sub = subelem.tag
if current_parent == 'object' and subelem.tag == 'name':
object_name = subelem.text
if object_name not in category_set:
current_category_id = addCatItem(object_name)
else:
current_category_id = category_set[object_name]
elif current_parent == 'size':
if size[subelem.tag] is not None:
raise Exception('xml structure broken at size tag.')
size[subelem.tag] = int(subelem.text)
# option is <xmin>, <ymin>, <xmax>, <ymax>, when subelem is <bndbox>
for option in subelem:
if current_sub == 'bndbox':
if bndbox[option.tag] is not None:
raise Exception('xml structure corrupted at bndbox tag.')
bndbox[option.tag] = int(option.text)
# only after parse the <object> tag
if bndbox['xmin'] is not None:
if object_name is None:
raise Exception('xml structure broken at bndbox tag')
if current_image_id is None:
raise Exception('xml structure broken at bndbox tag')
if current_category_id is None:
raise Exception('xml structure broken at bndbox tag')
bbox = []
# x
bbox.append(bndbox['xmin'])
# y
bbox.append(bndbox['ymin'])
# w
bbox.append(bndbox['xmax'] - bndbox['xmin'])
# h
bbox.append(bndbox['ymax'] - bndbox['ymin'])
print('add annotation with {},{},{},{}'.format(object_name, current_image_id, current_category_id,
bbox))
addAnnoItem(object_name, current_image_id, current_category_id, bbox)
if __name__ == '__main__':
xml_path = '/****/coco2012/ann_val2012' # 这是xml文件所在的地址
json_file = '/****/coco2012/annotations/val.json' # 这是你要生成的json文件
parseXmlFiles(xml_path) # 只需要改动这两个参数就行了
json.dump(coco, open(json_file, 'w'))
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