import numpy as np
numpy 为数组类型array,即ndarray
np.array([1,2,3,4],dtype = type) type = int / float / 'float32' / 'float64' 或 type = np.float32 / np.float64
arr1 = np.array([1,2,3]),可以进行数值运算如,arr1+10,每个元素都+10。arr1*10,每个元素都乘以10.
list1 = arr1.tolist() 或 list1 = list(arr1):将array转换为list,list1为列表,不能进行加减运算,但可以list1*2,把列表复制两变,得到[1,2,3,1,2,3]
xlist =[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]] xlist为list
x = np.asarray(xlist) 或 x = np.array(xlist) x为二维array(numpy 的 ndarray类型):
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
常用的array创建命令:
np.zeros(10,dtype = int)
array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
np.ones((3, 5), dtype=float)
array([[ 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
[ 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
[ 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])
np.full((3, 5), 3.14)
array([[ 3.14, 3.14, 3.14, 3.14, 3.14],
[ 3.14, 3.14, 3.14, 3.14, 3.14],
[ 3.14, 3.14, 3.14, 3.14, 3.14]])
np.arange(0,20,2)
array([ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18])
np.linspace(0,1,5)
array([ 0. , 0.25, 0.5 , 0.75, 1. ])
np.random.random((3, 3)) % random values between 0 and 1
array([[ 0.99844933, 0.52183819, 0.22421193],
[ 0.08007488, 0.45429293, 0.20941444],
[ 0.14360941, 0.96910973, 0.946117 ]])
np.random.normal(0, 1, (3, 3)) % with mean 0 and standard deviation 1
array([[ 1.51772646, 0.39614948, -0.10634696],
[ 0.25671348, 0.00732722, 0.37783601],
[ 0.68446945, 0.15926039, -0.70744073]])
np.random.randint(0, 10, (3, 3))%random integers in the interval [0, 10)
array([[2, 3, 4],
[5, 7, 8],
[0, 5, 0]])
np.eye(3)
array([[ 1., 0., 0.],
[ 0., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1.]])
np.empty(3)
array([ 1., 1., 1.])
np.zeros(10) np.ones((3,4)) np.full((3,4),3.41)