抽象类 多态与接口

abstract
修饰的类为抽象类 方法为抽象方法。
含有抽象方法，必被声明为抽象类。
抽象类不能实例化。
不能修饰私有方法、构造器、静态方法、final方法。

final
修饰的类不能被继承
修饰的方法不能被子类重写
标记的变量名称大写且只能被赋值一次。

接口
接口中所有方法均为公共抽象方法。pulic abstract
把共同行为特征定义在接口中。
只能被public修饰
接口中所有成员变量都是全局常量 public static final
interface是接口
implements是实现

示例代码：
父类接口
package ray;

public interface Flyer{

public abstract void takeoff();

public void fly();

void land();

}
子类实现接口
package ray;

//抽象类可以实现接口 也可以对接口中的抽象方法不予以理会
public abstract class Pet implements Flyer{
private String name;
private int age;
private double weight;

public Pet() {
	
}

public Pet(String name, int age, double weight) {
	super();
	this.name = name;
	this.age = age;
	this.weight = weight;
}

public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
	return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
	this.age = age;
}
public double getWeight() {
	return weight;
}
public void setWeight(double weight) {
	this.weight = weight;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Pet [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", weight=" + weight + "]";
}

public abstract void speak();

public abstract void eat();

}

子类继承了Pet中没被实现的接口 所以既要多态实现Pet方法也要间接实现Flyer接口
package ray;

public class Bird extends Pet {
private int flySpeed;

public Bird() {
	
}

public Bird(String name, int age, double weight, int flySpeed) {
	super(name,age,weight);
	this.flySpeed = flySpeed;
}

public int getFlySpeed() {
	return flySpeed;
}

public void setFlySpeed(int flySpeed) {
	this.flySpeed = flySpeed;
}

@Override
public void takeoff() {
	System.out.println("翅膀一展就搞定");
	
}

@Override
public void fly() {
	System.out.println("我喜欢自由");
	
}

@Override
public void land() {
	System.out.println("随心所欲");
	
}

@Override
public void speak() {
	System.out.println("吱吱吱");
	
}

@Override
public void eat() {
	System.out.println("吃虫子");
	
}

@Override
public String toString() {
	return super.toString() + ", 飞行速度：" + flySpeed;
}

}
测试
package ray;

public class Flyertest {

public static void main(String[] args) {
	Flyer flyer = new Bird("小飞", 2, 0.2, 20);
	flyer.takeoff();
	flyer.fly();
	flyer.land();
	
	Pet pet = (Pet)flyer;//转型
	pet.speak();
	pet.eat();
}

}
结果：
翅膀一展就搞定
我喜欢自由
随心所欲
吱吱吱
吃虫子

变形

父类接口
package ray;

public interface Flyer{

public abstract void takeoff();

public void fly();

void land();

}
父类抽象
package ray;

public abstract class Pet {
private String name;
private int age;
private double weight;

public Pet() {
	
}

public Pet(String name, int age, double weight) {
	super();
	this.name = name;
	this.age = age;
	this.weight = weight;
}

public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
	return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
	this.age = age;
}
public double getWeight() {
	return weight;
}
public void setWeight(double weight) {
	this.weight = weight;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
	return "Pet [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", weight=" + weight + "]";
}

public abstract void speak();

public abstract void eat();

}
子类
package ray;

public class Bird extends Pet implements Flyer{//两者都是父类 先继承在接口 用接口可以实现多继承
private int flySpeed;

public Bird() {
	
}

public Bird(String name, int age, double weight, int flySpeed) {
	super(name,age,weight);
	this.flySpeed = flySpeed;
}

public int getFlySpeed() {
	return flySpeed;
}

public void setFlySpeed(int flySpeed) {
	this.flySpeed = flySpeed;
}

@Override
public void takeoff() {
	System.out.println("翅膀一展就搞定");
	
}

@Override
public void fly() {
	System.out.println("我喜欢自由");
	
}

@Override
public void land() {
	System.out.println("随心所欲");
	
}

@Override
public void speak() {
	System.out.println("吱吱吱");
	
}

@Override
public void eat() {
	System.out.println("吃虫子");
	
}

@Override
public String toString() {
	return super.toString() + ", 飞行速度：" + flySpeed;
}

}
测试
package ray;

public class Flyertest {

public static void main(String[] args) {
	Pet pet = new Bird("小飞", 2, 0.2, 20);
	pet.speak();
	pet.eat();
	
	if(pet instanceof Flyer) {//判断左引用指向对象实体是否是右面类型的对象
	Flyer flyer = (Flyer)pet;//pet与flyer虽然没联系 但依然能转型 指向的其实是小鸟
	flyer.takeoff();
	flyer.fly();
	flyer.land();
	System.out.println(flyer.toString());//flyer是接口类型没有toString方法，但flyer对象是object子类，
	//可以直接输出flyer.toString()但不能调speak和eat
	}
	
}

}
结果
吱吱吱
吃虫子
翅膀一展就搞定
我喜欢自由
随心所欲
Pet [name=小飞, age=2, weight=0.2], 飞行速度：20

继承比接口更亲密一些

接口可以继承接口用extends