Gmail 两步验证+应用专用密码登录

1、为什么做这个？

如果需要使用Gmail作为应用程序的邮件发送者，必须进行相关配置，否则不能直接使用

2、怎么做？

谷歌邮箱（@gmail.com）：两步验证+应用专用密码登录 - 来发信 - 您的外贸拓客好帮手

2.1、登录谷歌账号：https://myaccount.google.com/u/6/signinoptions/two-step-verification/enroll-welcome?gar=1

2.2、应用专用密码设置入口：https://myaccount.google.com/u/6/apppasswords?gar=1

3、java 应用中如何使用Gmail可以参考如下：

SPRING BOOT发送邮件验证码（Gmail邮箱）_spring-boot-starter-mail gmail配置-CSDN博客

4、如何支持多个发送邮箱配置

4.1、定义一个配置类

import cn.hutool.core.text.CharSequenceUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl;

import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * @author : qinjinyuan
 * @desc : TODO  请填写你的功能描述
 * @date : 2024/06/03 13:36
 */
@Configuration
public class EmailSenderConfig {
    @Value("${gmail.host}")
    private String gmailHost;
    @Value("${gmail.port}")
    private Integer gmailPort;
    @Value("${gmail.username}")
    private String gmailUsername;
    @Value("${gmail.password}")
    private String gmailPassword;
    @Value("${gmail.protocol}")
    private String gmailProtocol;
    @Autowired
    private EmailNormalConfig emailNormalConfig;

    @Bean("gmailSender")
    public JavaMailSenderImpl gmailSender() {
        JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender = new JavaMailSenderImpl();
        mailSender.setHost(gmailHost);
        mailSender.setPort(gmailPort);
        mailSender.setUsername(gmailUsername);
        mailSender.setPassword(gmailPassword);
        mailSender.setProtocol(gmailProtocol);

        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
        mailSender.setJavaMailProperties(properties);
        return mailSender;
    }

    @Bean("otherSender")
    public JavaMailSenderImpl otherSender() {
        JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender = new JavaMailSenderImpl();
        mailSender.setHost(emailNormalConfig.getHost());
        mailSender.setPort(emailNormalConfig.getPort());
        mailSender.setUsername(emailNormalConfig.getUsername());
        mailSender.setPassword(emailNormalConfig.getPassword());
        if (CharSequenceUtil.isNotBlank(emailNormalConfig.getProtocol())) {
            mailSender.setProtocol(emailNormalConfig.getProtocol());
        }
        return mailSender;
    }

4.2、定义原生配置 EmailNormalConfig

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author : qinjinyuan
 * @date : 2023/10/31 16:51
 */
@Configuration
@RefreshScope
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.mail")
@Getter
@Setter
public class EmailNormalConfig {
    private String host;
    private Integer port;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String from;
    private String protocol;
}

4.3、如何用，也可以自己写策略模式进行实现

import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;

@Resource(name = "otherSender")
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

或者
 @Resource(name = "gmailSender")
private JavaMailSender mailSender;

4.4、设计类图

小结：

主要描述gmail 作为客户端发送者，关键性步骤的申请和设置 （找了好长时间，才找到具体的设置页面，官网都没有直接的入口）；

另外分享了如何进行多个邮箱发送者之间的切换及设计思路。