2021-04-20

                                                                                                        学习汇报

Python 3.9.2 (tags/v3.9.2:1a79785, Feb 19 2021, 13:44:55) [MSC v.1928 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> [1,2,3,4,5]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> [1,2,3,4,5,'上山打老虎']
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, '上山打老虎']
>>> rhyme = [1,2,3,4,5,'上山打老虎']
>>> print(rhyme)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, '上山打老虎']
>>> for each in rhyme:
	print(each)

	
1
2
3
4
5
上山打老虎
>>> rhyme[0]＃列表元素下标调用
1
>>> rhyme[1]
2
>>> rhyme[5]
'上山打老虎'
>>> length = len(rhyme)
>>> rhyme[length - 1]
'上山打老虎'
>>> rhyme[-1]＃下标为负时调用顺序相反
'上山打老虎'
>>> rhyme[0:3]＃区块，表明调用起点和终点
[1, 2, 3]
>>> rhyme[:3]＃当调用起点和终点为队首和队尾时可以不写
[1, 2, 3]
>>> rhyme[:]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, '上山打老虎']
>>> rhyme[0:6:2]＃［：：调用间隔］
[1, 3, 5]
>>> rhyme[::-2]
['上山打老虎', 4, 2]
>>> heros = ['钢铁侠','绿巨人']
>>> heros.append("黑寡妇")＃在列表尾部添加单个元素
>>> heros
['钢铁侠', '绿巨人', '黑寡妇']
>>> heros.extend(['鹰眼','灭霸','雷神'])＃在列表尾部以列表形式添加多个元素
>>> heros
['钢铁侠', '绿巨人', '黑寡妇', '鹰眼', '灭霸', '雷神']
>>> s = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> s[len(s):] = [6]＃ｌｅｎ函数为计算长度
>>> s
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> s[len(s):] = [7,8,9]
>>> s
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> s = [1,3,4,5]
>>> s.insert(1,2)＃在指定下标位置添加元素
>>> s
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> s.insert(len(s),6)
>>> s
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> heros.remove("灭霸")＃删除对应元素，如有多个删除第一个
>>> heros
['钢铁侠', '绿巨人', '黑寡妇', '鹰眼', '雷神']
>>> heros.pop(2)＃删除指定下标的元素
'黑寡妇'
>>> heros
['钢铁侠', '绿巨人', '鹰眼', '雷神']
>>> heros.clear()＃清空整个列表
>>> heros
[]
>>> heros = ['钢铁侠','绿巨人',"黑寡妇",'鹰眼','灭霸','雷神']
>>> heros
['钢铁侠', '绿巨人', '黑寡妇', '鹰眼', '灭霸', '雷神']
>>> heros[4] = '钢铁侠'＃对指定下标（或范围）元素进行替换
>>> heros
['钢铁侠', '绿巨人', '黑寡妇', '鹰眼', '钢铁侠', '雷神']
>>> heros[3:] = ['武松','李逵','']
>>> heros
['钢铁侠', '绿巨人', '黑寡妇', '武松', '李逵', '']
>>> nums = [3,5,6,2,4,3,8,2,1]
>>> nums.sort()＃对列表中的元素进行从小到大的排序
>>> nums
[1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8]
>>> nums.reverse()＃将列表中所有元素反过来
>>> nums
[8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1]
>>> heros.reverse()
>>> heros
['', '李逵', '武松', '黑寡妇', '绿巨人', '钢铁侠']
>>> nums = [3,5,6,2,4,3,8,2,1]
>>> nums.sort(reverse = True)＃ｒｅｖｅｒｓｅ　＝　Ｆａｌｓｅ
>>> nums
[8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1]
>>> nums.count(3)＃统计列表中对应元素的个数
2
>>> heros.index ("绿巨人")＃查找对应元素在列表中的下标，如有多个对应则显示第一个
4
>>> heros[heros.index("绿巨人")] = "神奇女侠"
>>> heros
['', '李逵', '武松', '黑寡妇', '神奇女侠', '钢铁侠']
>>> nums = [3,5,6,2,4,3,8,2,1]
>>> nums.index(3)
0
>>> nums.index(3,1,7)＃从指定下标范围内查找元素
5
>>> nums_copy1 = nums.copy()＃对目标列表进行拷贝
>>> nums_copy1
[3, 5, 6, 2, 4, 3, 8, 2, 1]
>>> nums_copy2 = nums[:]
>>> nums_copy2
[3, 5, 6, 2, 4, 3, 8, 2, 1]
>>> s = [1,2,3]
>>> t = [4,5,6]
>>> s + t＃列表相加／
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> s * 3
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
>>> matrix = [[1,2,3],
	      [4,5,6],
	      [7,8,9]]
>>> matrix
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
>>> for i in matrix:
	    for each in i:
		    print(each)

		
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
>>> for i in matrix:
	    for each in i:
		    print(each,end=' ')
	    print()

	
1 2 3 
4 5 6 
7 8 9 
>>> matrix[0]
[1, 2, 3]
>>> matrix[0][0]
1
>>> matrix[1][1]
5
>>> A = [0] * 3
>>> A
[0, 0, 0]
>>> for i in range(3):
	A[i] = [0] * 3

	
>>> A
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
>>> B = [[0] * 3] * 3
>>> B
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
>>> A[1][1] = 1
>>> A
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
>>> B[1][1] = 1
>>> B
[[0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0]]
＃如B列表，并不是二维数组，只是对［０，０，０］的地址进行了三次调用，不能如此使用
>>> x = "FishC"
>>> y = "FishC"
>>> x is y
True＃字符串不变，所以所使用的是同一个地址，所以ｉｓ函数判断为Tｒｕｅ
>>> x = [1,2,3]
>>> y = [1,2,3]
>>> x is y
False＃列表随时可变，所以所使用的是不是同一个地址，所以ｉｓ函数判断为Ｆａｌｓｅ
>>> A[0] is A[1]
False
>>> B[0] is B[1]
True＃证明
>>> x= [1,2,3]
>>> y = x.copy()
>>> x[1] = 1
>>> x
[1, 1, 3]
>>> y
[1, 2, 3]＃拷贝后ｘ与ｙ是两个不同的列表
>>> x = [1,2,3]
>>> y = x[:]
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]
>>> x[1] = 1
>>> x
[1, 1, 3]
>>> y
[1, 2, 3]
>>> x = [[1,2,3],
	      [4,5,6],
	      [7,8,9]]
>>> y = x.copy()
>>> x[1][1] = 0
>>> x
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 0, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
>>> y
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 0, 6], [7, 8, 9]]＃浅拷贝
>>> import copy＃对ｃｏｐｙ函数进行调用
>>> x = [[1,2,3],
	     [4,5,6],
	     [7,8,9]]
>>> y = copy.copy(x)＃浅拷贝
>>> x[1][1] = 0
>>> x
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 0, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
>>> y
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 0, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
>>> x = [[1,2,3],
	     [4,5,6],
	     [7,8,9]]
>>> y = copy.deepcopy (x)＃深拷贝
>>> x[1][1] = 0
>>> x
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 0, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
>>> y
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
>>> oho = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> for i in range(len(oho)):＃将列表中的元素大小乘二
	oho[i] = oho[i] * 2

	
>>> oho
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
>>> oho = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> oho = [i * 2 for i in oho]
>>> oho
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
＃该方法是为创建一个新列表［新列表中的元素　ｆｏｒ　ｉ　ｉｎ　ｘｘｘｘ］
>>> x = [i for i in range(10)]
>>> x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> x = [i + 1  for i in range(10)]
>>> x
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> y = [c * 2 for c in "FishC"]
>>> y
['FF', 'ii', 'ss', 'hh', 'CC']
>>> code = [ord(c) for c in "FishC"]
>>> code
[70, 105, 115, 104, 67]
>>> matrix = [[1,2,3],
	      [4,5,6],
	      [7,8,9]]
>>> col2 = [row[1] for row in matrix]
>>> col2
[2, 5, 8]
>>> diag = [matrix[i][i] for i in range(len(matrix))]
>>> diag
[1, 5, 9]
>>> xie = [matrix[2-i][2-i] for i in range(len(matrix))]
>>> xie
[9, 5, 1]
>>> xie = [matrix[i][2-i] for i in range(len(matrix))]
>>> xie
[3, 5, 7]
>>> S = [[0] * 3 for i in range(3)]
>>> 
>>> S
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]
>>> [i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
>>> [i + 1 for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> words = ["Great","FishC","Brilliant","Excellent","Fantistic"]
>>> hao = [words[i] for i in range(len(words)) if words == 'F']＃嵌套使用
>>> hao = [i for i in words if i[0] == 'F']
>>> hao
['FishC', 'Fantistic']
>>> matrix = [[1,2,3],
	      [4,5,6],
	      [7,8,9]]
>>> flatten = [col for row in matrix for col in row]＃嵌套使用
>>> flatten
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>>