Notes for Accounting II

分享一下财务分析的笔记
by Feiran Jia

4 Cash and Accounts Receivable

Reporting Cash in the Balance Sheet

1. Cash equivalents
2. Restricted Cash
3. Lines of Credit

Reconciling the Bank Statement

Bank Statement 银行对账单

A bank statement shows the account balance at the beginning of the month, the deposits, the checks paid, any other additions and subtractions duting the month, and the new balance at the end of the month.

Bank reconciliation 银行存款余额调节表

Explains the difference between cash reported on bank statement and cash balance in depositor’s accounting records.

Normal Differences between Bank Records and Accounting Records

1. Outstanding checks 在途支票： 公司签发并记录了支票，未送到银行兑现

2. Deposits in transit 在途存款： 储户已经记录现金收款，未到达银行。

3. Service Charge 服务费：银行通常为处理小额账户收取费用。

4. Charges for depositing NSF checks 存入 NSF支票的费用

   Not Sufficient Funds, 客户支票一存入银行，银行贷记储户账户。储户看作客户的应收帐款。

5. Credits for interest earned 赚取的利息贷项： 月底银行将利息计入储户账户，并在银行对账单中报告。

6. Miscellaneous bank charges and credits 杂项银行费用和贷项。

Balance per Bank + Deposits in Transit - Outstanding Checks ± Bank Adujustments = Adjusted Balance

Balance per Depositor + Deposits by Bank + Interest Earned (CM) - Service Charge - NSF Checks - (DM) ± Book Adjustments = Adjusted Balance

Updating the Accounting Records

Accounts Receivable

Uncollectible amounts 坏账 are loss of accounts receivable

Matching principle: expense should be matched with revenue

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 坏账准备账户

Dr. Uncollectible Accounts Expense (bad debt exp. 估值)

​ Cr. Allowance for doubtful accounts (contra assert account)

Estimate Uncollectible Amount: Balance Sheet Approach

1. Estimated uncollectible accounts
2. The current balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts

Jan. 1, 2013, Co. A started its business. In January, Co. A earned $200,000 revenue, no cash was collected.

On 2 Feb. customer Mr. B went bankruptcy 破产, $500 is determined by Co. A to be uncollectible. //之前预测的收不回钱这件事真实发生了

In February, Co. A earned another $200,000 revenue, no cash was collected for either Jan. or Feb. revenue.

Co. A records uncollectible accounts expense the end of every month. Co. A estimate 6% of its AR will not be collected.

Write-off an uncollectible account receivable

• When an account receivable from a specific customer is determined to be uncollectible, it should be write off.

2 Feb.

Dr, Allowance 500

​ Cr. A.R. 500

28 Frb.

​ A.R. (199500+200,000)*6%

Dr. bad debt exp.

​ Cr. Allowance

Before Write-off	After Write-off
A.R	$200,000 |$199,500
Allowance for doubtful account	$12,000 |$11,500
Cash realizable value	$188,000 |$188,000

Net Realizable Value Remains the Same

Recovery of an A