unsigned long指针字节大小（和对齐）

-----file tt.c------机器和OS都是64位的

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
        unsigned long *a;
        unsigned long *b;
        unsigned long c;
        a = &c;
        b = (unsigned long *)((unsigned long)a + 100);
        printf("b - a is %d \n", b - a);
        printf("addr of b is %lx \n", b);
        printf("addr of a is %lx \n", a);
        return 0;
}

运行结果：

$ make tt
cc     tt.c   -o tt
$ ./tt
b - a is 12
addr of b is 7ffffeaab31c
addr of a is 7ffffeaab2b8

----------------------------------------

---file t.c--- 机器和OS都是64位的

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct student {
        char c;
        long a;
        int b;
}stu;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
        int *a;
        int b = 0;
        a = &b;
        printf("sizeof(stu) is %d \n", sizeof(stu));
        printf("The addr of a is %lx\n", a);
        printf("The addr of (stu* )a - 1 is %lx \n", (stu* )a - 1);
        printf("The addr of (stu* )(a - 1) is %lx \n", (stu* )(a - 1));
        return 0;
}

运行结果：

$ make t
cc     t.c   -o t
$ ./t
sizeof(stu) is 24
The addr of a is 7fffc9270194
The addr of (stu* )a - 1 is 7fffc927017c
The addr of (stu* )(a - 1) is 7fffc9270190
分析：

在结构体中是按最长的类型对齐的，即在struct student中是按long型对齐的，即结构体为24字节。