求 14 5 89 + 3 2002 145^{89}+3^{2002} 14589+32002 除以 13 13 13 的余数
知识点
同余理论。
解
∵
145
=
11
×
13
+
2
\because 145=11\times 13+2
∵145=11×13+2
∴
14
5
89
≡
(
11
×
13
+
2
)
89
≡
2
89
(
m
o
d
13
)
\therefore 145^{89} \equiv (11\times 13+2)^{89} \equiv 2^{89}\pmod {13}
∴14589≡(11×13+2)89≡289(mod13)
下面我们继续找
2
89
2^{89}
289 和
13
13
13 的关系。
64
=
13
×
5
−
1
64=13\times 5-1
64=13×5−1。
2
6
=
64
=
13
×
5
−
1
2^6=64=13\times 5-1
26=64=13×5−1
2
89
=
2
5
⋅
(
2
6
)
14
=
2
5
⋅
(
13
×
5
−
1
)
14
2^{89}=2^{5}\cdot (2^{6})^{14}=2^{5}\cdot (13 \times 5-1)^{14}
289=25⋅(26)14=25⋅(13×5−1)14
即
2
89
≡
2
5
⋅
(
−
1
)
14
≡
6
(
m
o
d
13
)
2^{89} \equiv 2^{5}\cdot (-1)^{14} \equiv 6 \pmod {13}
289≡25⋅(−1)14≡6(mod13)
再找
3
2020
3^{2020}
32020 和
13
13
13 的关系。
3
3
=
27
=
2
×
13
+
1
3^3=27=2\times 13+1
33=27=2×13+1。
即
3
2020
≡
3
1
⋅
(
3
3
)
673
≡
3
⋅
(
26
+
1
)
672
≡
3
⋅
(
1
)
672
≡
3
(
m
o
d
13
)
3^{2020}\equiv 3^1\cdot (3^3)^{673} \equiv 3 \cdot (26+1)^{672} \equiv 3\cdot(1)^{672}\equiv 3 \pmod {13}
32020≡31⋅(33)673≡3⋅(26+1)672≡3⋅(1)672≡3(mod13)
∴
(
14
5
89
+
3
2020
)
≡
(
6
+
3
)
≡
9
(
m
o
d
13
)
\therefore (145^{89}+3^{2020}) \equiv (6+3) \equiv 9 \pmod {13}
∴(14589+32020)≡(6+3)≡9(mod13)
求 202 1 2022 2023 2021^{{2022}^{2023}} 202120222023 的末三位。
知识点
同余问题。
解
202
2
2023
≡
(
2000
+
22
)
2023
≡
2
2
23
≡
848
(
m
o
d
1000
)
2022^{2023}\equiv(2000+22)^{2023} \equiv 22^{23} \equiv 848\pmod {1000}
20222023≡(2000+22)2023≡2223≡848(mod1000)
202
1
2022
2023
≡
202
1
848
≡
(
2000
+
21
)
848
≡
2
1
848
(
m
o
d
1000
)
2021^{{2022}^{2023}} \equiv 2021^{848} \equiv (2000+21)^{848} \equiv 21^{848} \pmod {1000}
202120222023≡2021848≡(2000+21)848≡21848(mod1000)
使用杨辉三角展开，可得
2
1
848
=
(
20
+
1
)
848
=
(
848
0
)
⋅
2
0
848
⋅
1
0
+
(
848
1
)
⋅
2
0
847
⋅
1
1
+
⋯
+
(
848
845
)
⋅
2
0
3
⋅
1
845
+
(
848
846
)
⋅
2
0
2
⋅
1
846
+
(
848
847
)
⋅
2
0
1
⋅
1
847
+
(
848
848
)
⋅
2
0
0
⋅
1
848
21^{848}=(20+1)^{848}=\binom {848}{0}\cdot20^{848}\cdot1^{0}+\binom {848}{1}\cdot20^{847}\cdot1^{1}+\cdots+\binom {848}{845}\cdot20^{3}\cdot1^{845}+\binom {848}{846}\cdot20^{2}\cdot1^{846}+\binom {848}{847}\cdot20^{1}\cdot1^{847}+\binom {848}{848}\cdot20^{0}\cdot1^{848}
21848=(20+1)848=(0848)⋅20848⋅10+(1848)⋅20847⋅11+⋯+(845848)⋅203⋅1845+(846848)⋅202⋅1846+(847848)⋅201⋅1847+(848848)⋅200⋅1848
末三位只和最后三项有关。
(
(
848
846
)
⋅
2
0
2
⋅
1
846
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
(
(
848
2
)
⋅
2
0
2
⋅
1
846
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
(
848
∗
847
2
⋅
400
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
(
848
∗
847
∗
200
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
(
(
848
∗
200
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
∗
847
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
(
600
∗
847
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
508200
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
200
(\binom {848}{846}\cdot20^{2}\cdot1^{846})\pmod {1000}\\ =(\binom {848}{2}\cdot20^{2}\cdot1^{846})\pmod {1000}\\ =(\frac{848*847}{2}\cdot400)\pmod {1000}\\ =(848*847*200)\pmod {1000}\\ =((848*200)\pmod{1000}*847)\pmod{1000}\\ =(600*847)\pmod{1000}\\ =508200\pmod{1000}=200
((846848)⋅202⋅1846)(mod1000)=((2848)⋅202⋅1846)(mod1000)=(2848∗847⋅400)(mod1000)=(848∗847∗200)(mod1000)=((848∗200)(mod1000)∗847)(mod1000)=(600∗847)(mod1000)=508200(mod1000)=200
(
(
848
847
)
⋅
2
0
1
⋅
1
847
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
(
(
848
1
)
⋅
2
0
1
⋅
1
847
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
(
848
×
20
×
1
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
960
(\binom {848}{847}\cdot20^{1}\cdot1^{847})\pmod {1000}\\ =(\binom {848}{1}\cdot20^{1}\cdot1^{847}) \pmod {1000}\\ =(848\times20\times1)\pmod {1000}\\ =960
((847848)⋅201⋅1847)(mod1000)=((1848)⋅201⋅1847)(mod1000)=(848×20×1)(mod1000)=960
(
(
848
848
)
⋅
2
0
0
⋅
1
848
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
1
(\binom {848}{848}\cdot20^{0}\cdot1^{848})\pmod{1000}=1
((848848)⋅200⋅1848)(mod1000)=1
即末三位为
(
200
+
960
+
1
)
(
m
o
d
1000
)
=
161
(200+960+1)\pmod {1000}=161
(200+960+1)(mod1000)=161
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