PyQt4 信号和槽用法总结

原文 http://neteue.com/article/pyqt4-signal-slot/

信号与槽的例子

可以使用QObject.connect方法来连接信号与槽

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class MyWidget(QtGui.QWidget):
  def __init__(self, parent=None):
      super(MyWidget, self).__init__(parent)

      self.quit_button = QtGui.QPushButton("Quit", self)

      layout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
      layout.addWidget(self.quit_button)
      self.setLayout(layout)
      self.connect(self.quit_button, QtCore.SIGNAL("clicked()"),
                   QtGui.qApp, QtCore.SLOT("quit()"))

if __name__ == '__main__':
  import sys
  app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
  win = MyWidget()
  win.show()
  sys.exit( app.exec_() )

在这个例子中, 使用了标准的连接方式connect(发送者, 信号, 接收者, 槽), Qt中的槽可以这样理解: 是接收者中经过包装后某个方法

自定义槽(slot)

当然可以通过QtCore.pyqtSlot自义一个槽, 在旧式风格中使用是的pyqtSignature, 建议使用pyqtSlot

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class MyWidget(QtGui.QWidget):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__(parent)

        self.ok_button = QtGui.QPushButton("OK", self)
        layout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.ok_button)
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.connect(self.ok_button, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), 
                     self, QtCore.SLOT("on_ok_button_clicked()"))

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot()    
    def on_ok_button_clicked(self):
        print "OK"

if __name__ == "__main__":        
    import sys
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.show()
    app.exec_()

发送信号

单击按钮后触发emit_python_list信号, 并且执行相应的槽

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class MyWidget(QtGui.QWidget):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__(parent)

        self.ok_button = QtGui.QPushButton("OK", self)

        layout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.ok_button)
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.connect(self.ok_button, QtCore.SIGNAL("clicked()"), self, QtCore.SLOT("slot1()"))
        self.connect(self, QtCore.SIGNAL('emit_python_list(PyQt_PyObject)'), 
                     self, QtCore.SLOT("slot2(PyQt_PyObject)"))

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot()
    def on_button_clicked(self):    
        print "click me!!!!"

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot()    
    def slot1(self):
        self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("emit_python_list(PyQt_PyObject)"), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot("PyQt_PyObject")    
    def slot2(self, alist):
        print alist

if __name__ == "__main__":        
    import sys
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.show()
    app.exec_()

执行Python方法

这里使用更加优雅直接的方式连接信号并执行回调, 这也是项目中用到最多的方式

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class MyWidget(QtGui.QWidget):
    def __init__(sel`f, parent=None):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__(parent)

        self.ok_button = QtGui.QPushButton("ok", self)

        layout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.ok_button)
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.ok_button.clicked.connect(self.on_ok_button_clicked)

    def on_ok_button_clicked(self):
        print "OK"

if __name__ == '__main__':
  import sys
  app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
  win = MyWidget()
  win.show()
  sys.exit( app.exec_() )

self.ok_button.clicked.connect 其中clicked是信号

注册信号

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class MyWidget(QtGui.QWidget):

    emit_python_list = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__(parent)

        self.ok_button = QtGui.QPushButton("OK", self)
        layout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.ok_button)
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.ok_button.clicked.connect(self.slot1)
        self.emit_python_list.connect(self.slot2)

    def slot1(self):    
        self.emit_python_list.emit([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

    def slot2(self, alist):    
        print alist

if __name__ == "__main__":        
    import sys
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.show()
    app.exec_()

自动连接

QMetaObject. connectSlotsByName(QObject)

其作用是如其名称一样，用来将QObject 里的子孙QObject的某些信号按照其objectName连接到相应的槽上,

如是使用pyuic生成的代码, 就是使用这种方式

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class MyWidget(QtGui.QWidget):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MyWidget, self).__init__(parent)

        self.ok_button = QtGui.QPushButton("OK", self)
        self.ok_button.setObjectName("ok_button")

        layout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.ok_button)
        self.setLayout(layout)

        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(self)

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot()         # 一定要有,不然会打印两遍 "OK" 
    def on_ok_button_clicked(self):
        print "OK"

if __name__ == "__main__":        
    import sys
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.show()
    app.exec_()

别忘了, 使用setObjectName设置对象名称

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