【Matlab】ID3算法的实现

1.先回顾先验熵、后验熵、条件熵、互信息。
2.Matlab代码如下:
(1)计算熵的函数entropy

function r=entropy(z)
ind=find(z~=0);
z=z(ind);
p=z/sum(z);
r=-sum(p.*log2(p));

(2)ID3函数

function y0=ID3(X,Y,x0)
[n,m]=size(X);
if(length(unique(Y))==1)%uniue()去掉矩阵中重复的函数
    y0=Y(1);
    return;
end
A=zeros([1,m]);
for k=1:m
    q=max(X(:,k));
    l=max(Y);
    stat=zeros([q,l]);
for i=1:n
    row=X(i,k);
    col=Y(i);
    stat(row,col)=stat(row,col)+1;
end
for j=1:l
   A(k)=A(k)+sum(stat(:,j))/n*entropy(stat(:,j));
end
end

    
  
[a,b]=min(A); %返回最小值下标
x=find(X(:,b)==x0(b));
newX=X(x,[1:b-1,b+1:end]);
newY=Y(x);
newx0=x0([1:b-1,b+1:end]);

y0=ID3(newX,newY,newx0);
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以下是MATLAB实现ID3算法的基本步骤: 1. 数据预处理:将原始数据进行清理和转换,使其适合用于ID3算法。 2. 计算信息熵:使用信息熵来度量数据集的无序程度。 3. 计算信息增益:计算每个特征对于分类的贡献程度。 4. 选择最优特征:选择信息增益最大的特征作为当前节点的特征。 5. 递归构建决策树:将当前节点的数据集按照选定特征分成不同的子集,并对每个子集递归执行上述步骤,直到构建完整个决策树。 下面是MATLAB代码实现: ```matlab function [tree, varargout] = id3(data, labels, varargin) % Check input arguments narginchk(2, Inf); % Create variable input parser p = inputParser; % Add optional arguments addParameter(p, 'minLeafSize', 1, @isnumeric); addParameter(p, 'maxDepth', Inf, @isnumeric); addParameter(p, 'splitCriterion', 'entropy', @(x) ismember(x, {'entropy', 'gini', 'misclass'})); % Parse input arguments parse(p, varargin{:}); % Initialize variables minLeafSize = p.Results.minLeafSize; maxDepth = p.Results.maxDepth; splitCriterion = p.Results.splitCriterion; % Get unique class labels classes = unique(labels); % Initialize tree tree = struct('var', [], 'threshold', [], 'left', [], 'right', [], 'class', []); % Check stopping criteria if numel(classes) == 1 || size(data, 1) < minLeafSize || maxDepth == 0 % If all samples belong to the same class or the data set is too small to split, assign the majority class to the leaf node tree.class = mode(labels); varargout{1} = tree; return end % Calculate entropy of current node p = histcounts(labels, [classes; max(classes)+1]); p = p/sum(p); entropyS = -sum(p.*log2(p)); % Initialize variables to store best split bestGain = 0; bestVar = []; bestThreshold = []; % Loop over variables to find best split for j = 1:size(data, 2) % Sort data by current variable [x, idx] = sort(data(:,j)); y = labels(idx); % Loop over possible thresholds for i = 1:numel(classes)-1 % Calculate gain of current split switch splitCriterion case 'entropy' % Entropy-based information gain pL = histcounts(y(1:i), [classes; max(classes)+1]); pL = pL/sum(pL); entropyL = -sum(pL.*log2(pL)); pR = histcounts(y(i+1:end), [classes; max(classes)+1]); pR = pR/sum(pR); entropyR = -sum(pR.*log2(pR)); gain = entropyS - (i/size(data,1))*entropyL - ((size(data,1)-i)/size(data,1))*entropyR; case 'gini' % Gini impurity-based information gain pL = histcounts(y(1:i), [classes; max(classes)+1]); pL = pL/sum(pL); giniL = 1 - sum(pL.^2); pR = histcounts(y(i+1:end), [classes; max(classes)+1]); pR = pR/sum(pR); giniR = 1 - sum(pR.^2); gain = entropyS - (i/size(data,1))*giniL - ((size(data,1)-i)/size(data,1))*giniR; case 'misclass' % Misclassification error-based information gain pL = histcounts(y(1:i), [classes; max(classes)+1]); pL = pL/sum(pL); misclassL = 1 - max(pL); pR = histcounts(y(i+1:end), [classes; max(classes)+1]); pR = pR/sum(pR); misclassR = 1 - max(pR); gain = entropyS - (i/size(data,1))*misclassL - ((size(data,1)-i)/size(data,1))*misclassR; otherwise error('Invalid split criterion'); end % Update best split if gain > bestGain bestGain = gain; bestVar = j; bestThreshold = mean([x(i), x(i+1)]); end end end % Check if split was successful if bestGain == 0 % If no split was made, assign the majority class to the leaf node tree.class = mode(labels); varargout{1} = tree; return end % Create new tree node tree.var = bestVar; tree.threshold = bestThreshold; % Split data into left and right branches idxL = data(:,bestVar) <= bestThreshold; idxR = ~idxL; % Recursively grow left and right branches tree.left = id3(data(idxL,:), labels(idxL), 'minLeafSize', minLeafSize, 'maxDepth', maxDepth-1, 'splitCriterion', splitCriterion); tree.right = id3(data(idxR,:), labels(idxR), 'minLeafSize', minLeafSize, 'maxDepth', maxDepth-1, 'splitCriterion', splitCriterion); % Return tree varargout{1} = tree; ``` 该函数接受三个输入参数:数据矩阵、标签向量和可选参数。可选参数包括:最小叶子大小、最大深度和分裂标准。输出参数为决策树结构体。

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