启动NetBeans,创建一个项目,名为fanwei,类别是java,项目类型是java应用程序,不创建主类。
选择新创建好的项目,然后单击“新建文件”按钮:
打开新建文件对话框:
选择Swing GUI窗体中的JFrame窗体,单击“下一步”按钮:
设置好类名后单击完成按钮。打开窗体的属性面板,设置title属性为“变量作用范围”:
然后在窗体中添加两个标签和一个按钮,并在按钮上点击右键,选择“编辑文本”,改成“点击”如图:
按钮上右击,选择“事件”->"Mouse"->“MouseReleased”,在方法private void jButton1MouseReleased(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt)中添加代码,然后单击“设计”按钮:
返回设计窗口,在窗体上单击右键,选择“事件”->“window”->"windowopened",添加代码,最终代码如下:
public bianliangzuoyongfanwei() {
initComponents();
}
private void initComponents() {
jLabel1 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
jLabel2 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
jButton1 = new javax.swing.JButton();
setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setTitle("变量作用范围");
addWindowListener(new java.awt.event.WindowAdapter() {
public void windowOpened(java.awt.event.WindowEvent evt) {
formWindowOpened(evt);
}
});
jLabel1.setText("jLabel1");
jLabel2.setText("jLabel2");
jButton1.setText("点击");
jButton1.addMouseListener(new java.awt.event.MouseAdapter() {
public void mouseReleased(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
jButton1MouseReleased(evt);
}
});
javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane());
getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
layout.setHorizontalGroup(
layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addGap(42, 42, 42)
.addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(jLabel2)
.addComponent(jLabel1))
.addContainerGap(316, Short.MAX_VALUE))
.addGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addContainerGap(javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
.addComponent(jButton1)
.addContainerGap())
);
layout.setVerticalGroup(
layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addGap(47, 47, 47)
.addComponent(jLabel1)
.addGap(47, 47, 47)
.addComponent(jLabel2)
.addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, 141, Short.MAX_VALUE)
.addComponent(jButton1)
.addContainerGap())
);
pack();
}// </editor-fold>
int a = 150;
int b = 350;
private void jButton1MouseReleased(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
int a = 100;
int b = 300;
jLabel1.setText("a=" + a);
jLabel2.setText("b=" + b);
}
private void formWindowOpened(java.awt.event.WindowEvent evt) {
jLabel1.setText("a=" + a);
jLabel2.setText("b=" + b);
}
/**
* @param args the command line arguments
*/
public static void main(String args[]) {
/* Set the Nimbus look and feel */
//<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) ">
/* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel.
* For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html
*/
try {
for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
break;
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(bianliangzuoyongfanwei.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(bianliangzuoyongfanwei.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(bianliangzuoyongfanwei.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(bianliangzuoyongfanwei.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
//</editor-fold>
/* Create and display the form */
java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
new bianliangzuoyongfanwei().setVisible(true);
}
});
}
// Variables declaration - do not modify
private javax.swing.JButton jButton1;
private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel1;
private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel2;
// End of variables declaration
}
关键是红色代码部分。
然后单击工具栏中的“运行项目”按钮:
此时会要求选择主类,我们只有一个文件,选择唯一的一个文件即可。然后看到如下窗口:
我们单击“点击”按钮,变成了:
这是由于一开始在类中方法之外定义了整型数据a和b,分别为150和350,窗口启动时,触发了窗体的Windowopened事件,它调用了方法之外定义的a和b,标签的文本内容被设置为150和350;单击“点击“按钮时,触发了按钮的MouseReleased事件,此时会调用jButton1MouseReleased方法,这个方法中定义了整型数据a和b,分别为100和300。这两个变量的作用范围就在方法内,因此两个标签的文本内容被设置为100和300.这说明定义在jButton1MouseReleased方法中的数据是无法在其它方法中使用的,而定义在类中的变量可以被其它方法调用,如果方法内外同时定义了相同名称的变量,以作为范围小的为准。