医学图像处理笔记(2)

Grayscale histogram and threshold

Histogram

Definition: Histogram is a pixel distribution function based on each gray level

Application:

set up the digitizing parameters

help to find an optimal threshold level (minimum of two peaks in the optimal for defining the boundary )

Binary Operation

fixed and adaptive threshold value

thresholding usually involves analyzing the histogram

an example of a threshold value is the mean intensity value

fixed threshold:

Isodata Algorithm

reference：http://www.cnblogs.com/xiangshancuizhu/archive/2012/03/07/2384197.html

1. select and initial threshold \(t_{0}\)(mean intensity)

2. partition the image into two groups ( \(R_{1}\)  and \(R_{2}\)) using the \(t_{0}\)

3. calculate the mean intensity values \(u_{1}\)  and  \(u_{2}\) of the partition  \(R_{1}\)  and  \(R_{2}\)

4. select a new threshold : \(t_{1}=(u_{1}+u_{2})/2\)

5. repeat steps 2-4 until:\(t_{1}=t_{n}\)

OTSU algorithm

reference：http://blog.csdn.net/abcjennifer/article/details/6671288

                   http://www.cnblogs.com/skyseraph/archive/2010/12/21/1913058.html

selecting the lowest point between two classed(peaks)

Frequency (probability)

Mean

Total variance = standard deviation * standard deviation

其中\( \omega_0 \omega_1\)分别为背景和前景像素数的概率，\( \mu_0 \mu_1\)分别为背景和前景像素灰度均值

the criterion function involves between-classed variance to the total variance is defined as:

all possible thresholds are evaluated in this way, and the one that maximizes is \(\eta\) chosen as the optimal threshold

Entropy Method(熵)

a threshold level t separates the whole information into two classes ,and the entropy associated with them is:

maximum value of \(H=H_{b}+H_{w}\)

Triangle algorithms

maximized distance \(d\) indicate the optimal threshold

Adaptive Thresholding

local (or regional threshold) 分割为 子图像二值化，寻找相邻子图灰度值的相关性，对整个图像进行调整

>>>未完待续<<<