目录
1. HTTP 简介
HTTP 协议（HyperText Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议）是因特网上应用最为广泛的一种网络传输协议，所有的 WWW 文件都必须遵守这个标准。 HTTP 是一个基于 TCP/IP 通信协议来传递数据（HTML 文件, 图片文件, 查询结果等）。
2. HTTP 工作原理
HTTP 协议工作于客户端-服务端架构上。浏览器作为 HTTP 客户端通过 URL 向 HTTP 服务端即 WEB 服务器发送所有请求。
- Web 服务器有： Apache 服务器， IIS 服务器（Internet Information Services）等。
- Web 服务器根据接收到的请求后，向客户端发送响应信息。
- HTTP 默认端口号为 80，但是你也可以改为 8080 或者其他端口。
3. 基于reactor设计http服务器
主要实现俩部分，一部分是对http头的解析。另一部分是封装http的响应。
3.1 解析http头
//读行
int readline(char* allbuf, int idx, char* linebuf)
{
int len = strlen(allbuf);
for(; idx < len; idx++){
if(allbuf[idx] == '\r' && allbuf[idx+1] == '\n')
return idx+2;
else
*(linebuf++) = allbuf[idx];
}
return -1;
}
//解析http头
int nty_http_request(struct ntyevent * ev)
{
char linebuff[1024] = {0};
int idx = readline(ev->buffer, 0, linebuff);
if(strstr(linebuff, "GET")){
ev->method = HTTP_METHOD_GET;
int i = 0;
while(linebuff[sizeof("GET") + i] != ' ')i++;
linebuff[sizeof("GET") + i] = '\0';
sprintf(ev->resource, "%s/%s", HTTP_WEB_ROOT, linebuff+sizeof("GET "));
printf("resource: %s\n", ev->resource);
}
else if(strstr(linebuff, "POST"))
{
ev->method = HTTP_METHOD_POST;
}
return 0;
}3.2 封装http的响应
//打包http头
int nty_http_response_get_method(struct ntyevent *ev)
{
//int filed = open()
#if 0
int len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length: 78\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
"Date: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 13:16:46 GMT\r\n\r\n"
"<html><head><title>0voice.king</title></head><body><h1>King</h1><body/></html>");
ev->wlength = len;
#else
int len;
int filefd = open(ev->resource, O_RDONLY);
if (filefd == -1) {
len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length: 78\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
"Date: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 13:16:46 GMT\r\n\r\n"
"<html><head><title>0voice.king</title></head><body><h1>King</h1><body/></html>");
ev->wlength = len;
} else {
//获取文件大小
struct stat stat_buf;
fstat(filefd, &stat_buf);
close(filefd);
#if 1
len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length: %ld\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
"Date: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 13:16:46 GMT\r\n\r\n", stat_buf.st_size);
#else
len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length: %ld\r\n"
"Content-Type: image/png\r\n"
"Date: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 13:16:46 GMT\r\n\r\n", stat_buf.st_size);
#endif
ev->wlength = len;
}
#endif
return len;
}
//数据打包
int nty_http_response(struct ntyevent* ev)
{
// ev->method, ev->resouces
if(ev->method == HTTP_METHOD_GET){
nty_http_response_get_method(ev);
}else if(ev->method == HTTP_METHOD_POST){
}
return 0;
}3.3 sendfile函数
sendfile函数：
sendfile函数是在两个文件描述符中直接传递数据（完全在内核中操作），从而避免了用户和内核之间的数据拷贝，所以效率很高，也被称之为零拷贝。
sendfile函数用法
头文件：#include <sys/sendfile.h>
用法：ssize_t sendfile(int out_fd,int in_fd,off_t * offset,size_t count)
- out_fd：待写入内容的文件描述符，一般为accept的返回值
- in_fd：待读出内容的文件描述符，一般为open的返回值
- offset：指定从读入文件流的哪个位置开始读，如果为空，则使用读入文件流的默认位置，一般设置为NULL
- count：两文件描述符之间的字节数，一般给struct stat结构体的一个变量，在struct stat中可以设置文件描述符属性
注意：in_fd规定指向真实的文件，不能是socket等管道文件描述符，一般使open返回值，而out_fd则是socket描述符
sendfile的优点：是专门为网络上传输文件而设计的函数，效率高
4. 完整代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/sendfile.h>
#define BUFFER_LENGTH 1024
#define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS 1024 //epoll事件数量
#define RESOURCE_LENGTH 1024
#define SERVER_PORT 8888
#define PORT_COUNT 100
typedef int NCALLBACK(int ,int ,void*);
#define HTTP_METHOD_GET 0
#define HTTP_METHOD_POST 1
#define HTTP_WEB_ROOT "/home/kaka/share/html"
//管理每一个io fd的结构体
struct ntyevent{
int fd; //io fd
int events;
void *arg;
int (*callback)(int fd, int events, void* arg); //执行回调函数
int status; //判断是否已有事件
char buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH]; //用户缓冲区
char wbuffer[BUFFER_LENGTH]; //发送的数据
int length; //用户缓冲区长度
int wlength; //发送长度
// http reqeust
int method;
char resource[RESOURCE_LENGTH];
};
//管理ntyevent fd的块
struct eventblock{
struct eventblock* next; //指向ntyevent fd集合
struct ntyevent* events; //指向下一个ntyevent fd的块
};
//reacotr结点
struct ntyreactor{
int epfd; //epoll fd
int blkcnt; //ntyevent fd的块 计数
struct eventblock* evblks; //指向ntyevent fd的块头结点
};
int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg);
int send_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg);
int accept_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg);
struct ntyevent *ntyreactor_idx(struct ntyreactor *reactor, int sockfd);
//io fd结构体设置
void nty_event_set(struct ntyevent* ev, int fd, NCALLBACK callback, void* arg)
{
ev->fd = fd;
ev->callback = callback;
ev->events = 0;
ev->arg = arg;
return ;
}
//io fd add
int nty_event_add(int epfd, int events, struct ntyevent *ev)
{
struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
ep_ev.data.ptr = ev; //io fd结构体
ep_ev.events = ev->events = events; //需要检测的fd事件
int op; //操作类型
if(ev->status == 1){
op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD; //修改
}else{
op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD; //添加
ev->status = 1; //标志已经添加
}
if(epoll_ctl(epfd, op, ev->fd, &ep_ev) <0 ){ //绑定
printf("event add failed [fd=%d], events[%d]\n", ev->fd, events);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
//io fd del
int nty_event_del(int epfd, struct ntyevent* ev)
{
struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
if(ev->status != 1){ //没有添加过检测的fd事件
return -1;
}
ep_ev.data.ptr = ev;
ev->status = 0; //标志未添加
epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ev->fd, &ep_ev);
return 0;
}
// request
// location /0voice/king/index.html HTTP/1.1
//读行
int readline(char* allbuf, int idx, char* linebuf)
{
int len = strlen(allbuf);
for(; idx < len; idx++){
if(allbuf[idx] == '\r' && allbuf[idx+1] == '\n')
return idx+2;
else
*(linebuf++) = allbuf[idx];
}
return -1;
}
//解析http头
int nty_http_request(struct ntyevent * ev)
{
char linebuff[1024] = {0};
int idx = readline(ev->buffer, 0, linebuff);
if(strstr(linebuff, "GET")){
ev->method = HTTP_METHOD_GET;
int i = 0;
while(linebuff[sizeof("GET") + i] != ' ')i++;
linebuff[sizeof("GET") + i] = '\0';
sprintf(ev->resource, "%s/%s", HTTP_WEB_ROOT, linebuff+sizeof("GET "));
printf("resource: %s\n", ev->resource);
}
else if(strstr(linebuff, "POST"))
{
ev->method = HTTP_METHOD_POST;
}
return 0;
}
//打包http头
int nty_http_response_get_method(struct ntyevent *ev)
{
//int filed = open()
#if 0
int len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length: 78\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
"Date: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 13:16:46 GMT\r\n\r\n"
"<html><head><title>0voice.king</title></head><body><h1>King</h1><body/></html>");
ev->wlength = len;
#else
int len;
int filefd = open(ev->resource, O_RDONLY);
if (filefd == -1) {
len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length: 78\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
"Date: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 13:16:46 GMT\r\n\r\n"
"<html><head><title>0voice.king</title></head><body><h1>King</h1><body/></html>");
ev->wlength = len;
} else {
//获取文件大小
struct stat stat_buf;
fstat(filefd, &stat_buf);
close(filefd);
#if 1
len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length: %ld\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
"Date: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 13:16:46 GMT\r\n\r\n", stat_buf.st_size);
#else
len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length: %ld\r\n"
"Content-Type: image/png\r\n"
"Date: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 13:16:46 GMT\r\n\r\n", stat_buf.st_size);
#endif
ev->wlength = len;
}
#endif
return len;
}
//数据打包
int nty_http_response(struct ntyevent* ev)
{
// ev->method, ev->resouces
if(ev->method == HTTP_METHOD_GET){
nty_http_response_get_method(ev);
}else if(ev->method == HTTP_METHOD_POST){
}
return 0;
}
//recv回调
int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg)
{
struct ntyreactor* reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
struct ntyevent* ev = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, fd);
if(ev == NULL)return -1;
int len = recv(fd, ev->buffer, BUFFER_LENGTH, 0);
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
if (len > 0) {
ev->length = len;
ev->buffer[len] = '\0';
//printf("recv [%d]:%s\n", fd, ev->buffer);
nty_http_request(ev); //http解析
//将fd 设置为发送事件
nty_event_set(ev, fd, send_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLOUT, ev);
} else if (len == 0) { //客户端断开连接
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
printf("recv_cb --> disconnect\n");
close(ev->fd);
} else { //返回错误
if (errno == EAGAIN && errno == EWOULDBLOCK) { //
} else if (errno == ECONNRESET){
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
close(ev->fd);
}
printf("recv[fd=%d] error[%d]:%s\n", fd, errno, strerror(errno));
}
return len;
}
//send回调
int send_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg)
{
struct ntyreactor* reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
struct ntyevent* ev = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, fd);
if (ev == NULL) return -1;
nty_http_response(ev); //encode
int len = send(fd, ev->wbuffer, ev->wlength, 0);
if (len > 0) {
//printf("send[fd=%d], [%d]%s\n", fd, len, ev->wbuffer);
int filefd = open(ev->resource, O_RDONLY);
if(filefd < 0) return 0;
struct stat stat_buf;
fstat(filefd, &stat_buf);
int flag = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
flag &= ~O_NDELAY;
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flag);
//sendfile 需要做成阻塞io
int ret = sendfile(fd, filefd, NULL, stat_buf.st_size);
if (ret == -1) {
printf("sendfile: errno: %d\n", errno);
}
flag |= O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flag);
close(filefd);
send(fd, "\r\n", 2, 0);
//发送后，将fd设置为接收事件
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
nty_event_set(ev, fd, recv_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, ev);
} else { //发送失败
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
close(ev->fd);
printf("send[fd=%d] error %s\n", fd, strerror(errno));
}
return len;
}
//客户端接入回调
int accept_cb(int fd, int events, void* arg)
{
struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t len = sizeof(client_addr);
int clientfd;
//客户端接入
if ((clientfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &len)) == -1) {
if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
}
printf("accept: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
//设置非阻塞fd
int flag = 0;
if ((flag = fcntl(clientfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) {
printf("%s: fcntl nonblocking failed, %d\n", __func__, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS);
return -1;
}
struct ntyevent *event = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, clientfd);
if (event == NULL) return -1;
//将该fd设置为recv
nty_event_set(event, clientfd, recv_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, event);
printf("new connect [%s:%d], pos[%d]\n",
inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port), clientfd);
return 0;
}
//创建socket监听
int init_sock(short port)
{
int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
server_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
if (listen(fd, 20) < 0) {
printf("listen failed : %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
printf("listen server port : %d\n", port);
return fd;
}
//reactor扩展大小
int ntyreactor_alloc(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
if(reactor == NULL) return -1;
if(reactor->evblks == NULL) return -1;
struct eventblock* blk = reactor->evblks; //块的头结点
//找尾节点
while(blk->next != NULL){ //找到尾节点
blk = blk->next;
}
struct ntyevent* evs = (struct ntyevent*)malloc((MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
if (evs == NULL) {
printf("ntyreactor_alloc ntyevent failed\n");
return -2;
}
memset(evs, 0, (MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
struct eventblock *block = malloc(sizeof(struct eventblock));
if (block == NULL) {
printf("ntyreactor_alloc eventblock failed\n");
return -3;
}
//io fd集合连接成块
block->events = evs;
block->next = NULL;
//指向新块
blk->next = block;
reactor->blkcnt ++;
return 0;
}
//根据io fd来找fd结构体
struct ntyevent *ntyreactor_idx(struct ntyreactor *reactor, int sockfd) {
if (reactor == NULL) return NULL;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return NULL;
int blkidx = sockfd / MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS; //在哪一个块
while (blkidx >= reactor->blkcnt) { //大小不够扩容
ntyreactor_alloc(reactor);
}
int i = 0;
struct eventblock *blk = reactor->evblks; //头结点块
while (i++ != blkidx && blk != NULL) { //找到所在的块
blk = blk->next;
}
return &blk->events[sockfd % MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS]; //返回fd结构体
}
//reactor初始化
int ntyreactor_init(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
if(reactor == NULL) return -1;
memset(reactor, 0, sizeof(struct ntyreactor));
reactor->epfd = epoll_create(1);
if (reactor->epfd <= 0) {
printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
return -2;
}
//创建第一个块
struct ntyevent* evs = (struct ntyevent*)malloc((MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
if (evs == NULL) {
printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
close(reactor->epfd);
return -3;
}
memset(evs, 0, (MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
struct eventblock *block = malloc(sizeof(struct eventblock));
if (block == NULL) {
free(evs);
close(reactor->epfd);
return -3;
}
block->events = evs;
block->next = NULL;
reactor->evblks = block;
reactor->blkcnt = 1;
return 0;
}
//销毁reactor
int ntyreactor_destory(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
close(reactor->epfd);
struct eventblock *blk = reactor->evblks;
struct eventblock *blk_next;
while (blk != NULL) {
blk_next = blk->next;
free(blk->events);
free(blk);
blk = blk_next;
}
return 0;
}
//初始化接收连接socket
int ntyreactor_addlistener(struct ntyreactor* reactor, int sockfd, NCALLBACK *acceptor){
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return -1;
struct ntyevent* event = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, sockfd);
if (event == NULL) return -1;
nty_event_set(event, sockfd, acceptor, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, event);
return 0;
}
//reactor事件循环
int ntyreactor_run(struct ntyreactor* reactor)
{
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
if (reactor->epfd < 0) return -1;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return -1;
struct epoll_event events[MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS+1];
int checkpos = 0, i;
while(1){
int nready = epoll_wait(reactor->epfd, events, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS, 1000);
if (nready < 0) {
printf("epoll_wait error, exit\n");
continue;
}
for(i = 0;i < nready; i++){
struct ntyevent* ev = (struct ntyevent*)events[i].data.ptr; //发生事件的io fd结构体
if((events[i].events & EPOLLIN) && (ev->events & EPOLLIN)){
ev->callback(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
}
if((events[i].events & EPOLLOUT) && (ev->events & EPOLLOUT)){
ev->callback(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
}
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)malloc(sizeof(struct ntyreactor));
ntyreactor_init(reactor);
//起始的端口号
unsigned short port = SERVER_PORT;
if (argc == 2) {
port = atoi(argv[1]);
}
int i = 0;
int sockfds[PORT_COUNT] = {0};
for (i = 0;i < PORT_COUNT;i ++) {
sockfds[i] = init_sock(port+i);
ntyreactor_addlistener(reactor, sockfds[i], accept_cb);
}
ntyreactor_run(reactor);
ntyreactor_destory(reactor);
for (i = 0;i < PORT_COUNT;i ++) {
close(sockfds[i]);
}
free(reactor);
return 0;
}
5. 运行结果
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