初入算法篇 （递归）——poj2083

Fractal

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 30000K
Total Submissions: 10757		Accepted: 4836

Description

A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all scales, but the same "type" of structures must appear on all scales.
A box fractal is defined as below :

• A box fractal of degree 1 is simply
  X
  
• A box fractal of degree 2 is
  X X
  X
  X X
  
• If using B(n - 1) to represent the box fractal of degree n - 1, then a box fractal of degree n is defined recursively as following
  

  B(n - 1)        B(n - 1)
  
          B(n - 1)
  
  B(n - 1)        B(n - 1)

Your task is to draw a box fractal of degree n.

Input

The input consists of several test cases. Each line of the input contains a positive integer n which is no greater than 7. The last line of input is a negative integer −1 indicating the end of input.

Output

For each test case, output the box fractal using the 'X' notation. Please notice that 'X' is an uppercase letter. Print a line with only a single dash after each test case.

Sample Input

1
2
3
4
-1

Sample Output

X
-
X X
 X
X X
-
X X   X X
 X     X
X X   X X
   X X
    X
   X X
X X   X X
 X     X
X X   X X
-
X X   X X         X X   X X
 X     X           X     X
X X   X X         X X   X X
   X X               X X
    X                 X
   X X               X X
X X   X X         X X   X X
 X     X           X     X
X X   X X         X X   X X
         X X   X X
          X     X
         X X   X X
            X X
             X
            X X
         X X   X X
          X     X
         X X   X X
X X   X X         X X   X X
 X     X           X     X
X X   X X         X X   X X
   X X               X X
    X                 X
   X X               X X
X X   X X         X X   X X
 X     X           X     X
X X   X X         X X   X X
-

题意：给出样例，让你打出n=1-7的图形

这题目已经明确暗示了用递归去做，大致思路是不会错的，要注意的是相隔距离m，我们可以发现

n=1  m=0

n=2  m=1

n=3  m=3

n=4 m=9

可得到m=3^(n-2)

第一个点(x,y)与中间的距离为(x+m,y+m) 同行右边的(x,y+2*m)那么我们可以写出五个点的递归表达式

    dfs(n-1,x,y);
    dfs(n-1,x,y+2*m);
    dfs(n-1,x+m,y+m);
    dfs(n-1,x+2*m,y);
    dfs(n-1,x+2*m,y+2*m);

边界条件为n==1，记得初始化，然后应该用%s输出，而不是用%c一个个输出，这样直接TLE

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
char map[1000][1000];
void dfs(int n,int x,int y)
{
    int m;
    if(n==1)
    {
        map[x][y]='X';
        return ;//边界条件
    }
    m=pow(3.0,n-2);//左右上下相隔距离
    dfs(n-1,x,y);
    dfs(n-1,x,y+2*m);
    dfs(n-1,x+m,y+m);
    dfs(n-1,x+2*m,y);
    dfs(n-1,x+2*m,y+2*m);

}
int main()
{
    int t;
    int n,i,j;
    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        if(n==-1) break;
        int m=pow(3.0,n-1);
        for(i=1; i<=m; i++)
        {
            for(j=1; j<=m; j++)
            {
                map[i][j]=' ';//初始化
            }
            map[i][j]='\0';
        }
        dfs(n,1,1);
        for(i=1; i<=m; i++)
        {
            printf("%s",map[i]+1);
            printf("\n");
        }
        printf("-\n");
    }

}