Speed auto & Duplex auto的设置

 

duplex auto 是双工的协商模式为自动

1.根据IEEE802.3的规定，当自协商的端口与固定模式的端口对接时，自协商一方应通过并行检测(ParallelDetection)机制工作于同等速率的半双工模式下。例如，A为自适应，B为固定，A通过接收时钟信号可以判断B的速率时100Mbps还是10Mbps，但是B不发出也不响应协商脉冲信号，导致A无法判断对端B的双工模式，所有通常A最终只能工作半双工。若B本身为半双工，则业务正常；若B为全双工，则会出现半双工VS全双工，同一时刻，如果两端都处于发送状态，通信介质上必然会出现碰撞，导致丢包，当通信数据量增大的时候，碰撞的概率增大，丢包严重。

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2. 一般对于网络基础设施(包括router、Switch、HUB、Firewall和AP等)的uplink口，以及各种Server都hardcode为固定的工作模式，以保证它们的工作模式一致并且不会发生变动。而对于Client端，一般都采用AutoDetect自动检测协商的工作模式以减少网络管理员和系统管理员的工作量。

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3. 比较特殊的是千兆网络接口GE口，这种接口在Auto Detect模式下工作得最好(可能也只是经验之谈，但至少从这次问题看来是这样的)。

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附上一个相关表格:

NIC (Speed /Duplex)	Switch (Speed /Duplex)	Result on NIC	Result on Switch	Comments
AUTO	AUTO	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	Gigabit port support only Fullduplex
1000 Mbps /Full-duplex	AUTO	1000 Mbps /Full-duplex	1000 Mbps /Full-duplex	Link is established, but the switch does not see any autonegotiation information from NIC. Since Switch supports only full-duplexoperation with 1000 Mbps, they default to full-duplex, and this happensonly when operating at 1000 Mbps.
1000 Mbps /Full-duplex	1000 Mbps /Full-duplex	1000 Mbps /Full-duplex	1000 Mbps /Full-duplex	Manually Configured
100 Mbps /Full-duplex	1000 Mbps /Full-duplex	No Link	No Link	Speed mismatch
100 Mbps /Full-duplex	AUTO	100 Mbps /Full-duplex	100 Mbps /Half-duplex	Duplex Mismatch
AUTO	100 Mbps /Full-duplex	100 Mbps /Half-duplex	100 Mbps /Full-duplex	Duplex Mismatch
100 Mbps /Full-duplex	100 Mbps /Full-duplex	100 Mbps /Full-duplex	100 Mbps /Full-duplex	Manually Configured
100 Mbps /Half-duplex	AUTO	100 Mbps /Half-duplex	100 Mbps /Half-duplex	Switch does not see any autonegotiation information from NIC and defaults to halfduplex when operating at 10/100 Mbps.
10 Mbps /Halfduplex	AUTO	10 Mbps /Halfduplex	10 Mbps /Halfduplex	switch does not see Fast Link Pulse (FLP) and defaults to 10 Mbps half-duplex.
10 Mbps /Halfduplex	100 Mbps /Half-duplex	No Link	No Link	Speed mismatch.
AUTO	100 Mbps /Half-duplex	100 Mbps /Half-duplex	100 Mbps /Half-duplex	NIC does not see any autonegotiation information and defaults to 100 Mbps, half-duplex.
AUTO	10 Mbps /Halfduplex	10 Mbps /Halfduplex	10 Mbps /Halfduplex	NIC does not see Fast Link Pulse(FLP) and defaults to 10 Mbps, half-duplex