Android蓝牙BLE基本用法

Android应用权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>

蓝牙相关对象获取

    private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
    private BluetoothManager bluetoothManager;

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        // bluetoothAdapter
        bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        
        // bluetoothManager BLE需要这个类
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) {
            bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        }
    }

检查设备是否支持BLE

public void checkBLESupport() {
        if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "不支持BLE", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            Log.d("kaikai", "不支持BLE");

        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "支持BLE", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            Log.d("kaikai", "支持BLE");
        }
    }

开启设备的蓝牙功能

public void onEnableBlueTooth() {
        if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableIntent, 0);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙已开启", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    }

使设备的蓝牙可被发现

public void onDiscoverable() {
        Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
        startActivity(discoverableIntent);
        }

开启BLE服务端

新建一个GATT服务

BluetoothGattService service = new BluetoothGattService(YOUR_SERVICE_UUID, BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);

新建一个GATT特征值

BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(YOUR_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
// 注意，如果要使特征值可写，PROPERTY需设置PROPERTY_WRITE（服务端需要返回响应）或PROPERTY_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE（服务端无需返回响应），
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_READ | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);

注意，BluetoothGattCharacteristic构造函数的第二个参数，如果要使特征值可被客户端进行反写，需要有BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE或PROPERTY_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE标志位，其中，PROPERTY_WRITE标志位要求服务端在接收写请求时，返回响应，而PROPERTY_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE则不需要响应，但数据可能会被截断。

新建一个特征值描述（可选）

BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = new BluetoothGattDescriptor(YOUR_DESCRIPTER_UUID, BluetoothGattDescriptor.PERMISSION_READ | BluetoothGattDescriptor.PERMISSION_WRITE);

特征值加入特征值描述（可选）

characteristic.addDescriptor(descriptor);

服务加入特征值

service.addCharacteristic(characteristic);

开启GATT服务端

        // 使用一个类成员保存BluetoothGattServer引用
        private BluetoothGattServer bluetoothGattServer;


        // onCreate方法中或某个按钮触发的回调函数中
        bluetoothGattServer = bluetoothManager.openGattServer(this, new BluetoothGattServerCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothDevice device, int status, int newState) {
                    // 连接状态改变
                    if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                        Log.d("kaikai", "BLE服务端:BLE Connected!");
                    } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                        Log.d("kaikai", "BLE服务端:BLE Disconnected!");
                    }
                }

                @Override
                public void onCharacteristicReadRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {

                    Log.d("kaikai", "BLE服务端:接收到特征值读请求!" + " requestId=" + requestId + " offset=" + offset);

                    BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic = bluetoothGattServer.getService(TIME_SERVICE_UUID).getCharacteristic(TIME_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
                    if (characteristic == gattCharacteristic) {
                        // 证明characteristic与通过gattServer得到的是同一个对象
                        Log.d("kaikai", "BLE服务端:same characteristic!");
                    }

                    byte[] value = characteristic.getValue();
                    if (value == null) {
                        value = "init responseData".getBytes();
                        characteri