Android 蓝牙BLE （蓝牙成长之路）3

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 03:28:10 发布

Fans_Mo

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 03:28:10 发布

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分类专栏： bluetooth 文章标签：蓝牙BLE开发

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mapeifan/article/details/50113231

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关于蓝牙BLE最重要的 还是 service这块了（关于数据的传递，我也找到了一些demo 稍后为我们这些刚涉蓝牙BLE的菜鸟来个科普），我现在也是一知半解  先科普下（PS:我也是菜鸟中的菜鸟。。。写这个纯属加深印象。。。）下面的也是我翻遍了几乎网上少少半关于BLE的资料  整理下的（PS:网上关于BLE详解的 不多。。。个人觉的  还是要自己手打一遍  不要老是粘贴复制（PS：我通常都是ctrl+c ctrl+v））

在BLE协议中，有两个角色，周边（Periphery）和中央（Central），一个中央可以同时连接多个周边，但是一个周边某一时刻只能连接一个中央。但是不管是Periphery还是Central都是可以实现 GATT server 和 GATT client去传输数据，但是无法同时都是。

BLE分为三部分Service、Characteristic、Descriptor，这三部分都由UUID作为唯一标示符。一个蓝牙4.0的终端可以包含多个Service，一个Service可以包含多个Characteristic，一个Characteristic包含一个Value和多个Descriptor，一个Descriptor包含一个Value。

废话不多说，最最关键的部分来了（PS：网上找的  个人没有写过  加深下印象吧）
import android.app.Service;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * Service for managing connection and data communication with a GATT server
 * hosted on a given Bluetooth LE device.
 */
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
public class BLEService extends Service {
	private final static String TAG = BLEService.class.getSimpleName();

	private BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager;
	private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
	private String mBluetoothDeviceAddress;
	private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;
	private int mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;

	private static final int STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0;
	private static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 1;
	private static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 2;

	 public final static String ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED =
	            "com.example.bledemo.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED";
	    public final static String ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED =
	            "com.example.bledemo.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED";
	    public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED =
	            "com.example.bledemo.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";
	    public final static String ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE =
	            "com.example.bledemo.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE";
	    public final static String EXTRA_DATA =
	            "com.example.bledemo.EXTRA_DATA";

	public final static UUID UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT = UUID
			.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT);

	// Implements callback methods for GATT events that the app cares about. For
	// example,
	// connection change and services discovered.
//	实现了GATT事件的回调方法,应用关心。例如,连接变化和服务发现
	private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
		@Override
		public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status,
				int newState) {
			String intentAction;
			System.out.println("=======status:" + status);
			if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
				intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;
				mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
				broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
				Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");
				// Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
				Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:"
						+ mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());

			} else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
				intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
				mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
				Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");
				broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
			}
		}

		@Override
		public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
			if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
				broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
			} else {
				Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
			}
		}

		@Override
		public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
				BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
			System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead");
			if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
				broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
			}
		}

		@Override
		public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,
				BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {

			System.out.println("onDescriptorWriteonDescriptorWrite = " + status
					+ ", descriptor =" + descriptor.getUuid().toString());
		}

		@Override
		public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,
				BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
			broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
			if (characteristic.getValue() != null) {

				System.out.println(characteristic.getStringValue(0));
			}
			System.out.println("--------onCharacteristicChanged-----");
		}

		@Override
		public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {
			System.out.println("rssi = " + rssi);
		}

		public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,
				BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
			System.out.println("--------write success----- status:" + status);

		};
	};

	private void broadcastUpdate(final String action) {
		final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
		sendBroadcast(intent);
	}

	private void broadcastUpdate(final String action,
			final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
		final Intent intent = new Intent(action);

		// This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data
		// parsing is
		// carried out as per profile specifications:
		// http://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/characteristics/Pages/CharacteristicViewer.aspx?u=org.bluetooth.characteristic.heart_rate_measurement.xml
		if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
			int flag = characteristic.getProperties();
			int format = -1;
			if ((flag & 0x01) != 0) {
				format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16;
				Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16.");
			} else {
				format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8;
				Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8.");
			}
			final int heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1);
			System.out.println("Received heart rate: %d" + heartRate);
			Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate));
			intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate));
		} else {
			// For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
			final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
			if (data != null && data.length > 0) {
				final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(
						data.length);
				for (byte byteChar : data)
					stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02X ", byteChar));

				System.out.println("ppp" + new String(data) + "\n"
						+ stringBuilder.toString());
				intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data) + "\n"
						+ stringBuilder.toString());
			}
		}
		sendBroadcast(intent);
	}

	public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
		BLEService getService() {
			return BLEService.this;
		}
	}

	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
		return mBinder;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
		// After using a given device, you should make sure that
		// BluetoothGatt.close() is called
		// such that resources are cleaned up properly. In this particular
		// example, close() is
		// invoked when the UI is disconnected from the Service.
		close();
		return super.onUnbind(intent);
	}

	private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();

	/**
	 * Initializes a reference to the local Bluetooth adapter.
	 * 
	 * @return Return true if the initialization is successful.
	 */
	public boolean initialize() {
		// For API level 18 and above, get a reference to BluetoothAdapter
		// through
		// BluetoothManager.
		if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
			mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
			if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
				Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize BluetoothManager.");
				return false;
			}
		}

		mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
		if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
			Log.e(TAG, "Unable to obtain a BluetoothAdapter.");
			return false;
		}

		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Connects to the GATT server hosted on the Bluetooth LE device.
	 * 
	 * @param address
	 *            The device address of the destination device.
	 * 
	 * @return Return true if the connection is initiated successfully. The
	 *         connection result is reported asynchronously through the
	 *         {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
	 *         callback.
	 */
	public boolean connect(final String address) {
		if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
			Log.w(TAG,
					"BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
			return false;
		}

		// Previously connected device. Try to reconnect. (先前连接的设备。 尝试重新连接)
		if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null
				&& address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)
				&& mBluetoothGatt != null) {
			Log.d(TAG,
					"Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
			if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {
				mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
				return true;
			} else {
				return false;
			}
		}

		final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter
				.getRemoteDevice(address);
		if (device == null) {
			Log.w(TAG, "Device not found.  Unable to connect.");
			return false;
		}
		// We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the
		// autoConnect
		// parameter to false.
		mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
		Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");
		mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;
		mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The
	 * disconnection result is reported asynchronously through the
	 * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
	 * callback.
	 */
	public void disconnect() {
		if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
			Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
			return;
		}
		mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
	}

	/**
	 * After using a given BLE device, the app must call this method to ensure
	 * resources are released properly.
	 */
	public void close() {
		if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
			return;
		}
		mBluetoothGatt.close();
		mBluetoothGatt = null;
	}

	public void wirteCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {

		if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
			Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
			return;
		}

		mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);

	}

	/**
	 * Request a read on a given {@code BluetoothGattCharacteristic}. The read
	 * result is reported asynchronously through the
	 * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onCharacteristicRead(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic, int)}
	 * callback.
	 * 
	 * @param characteristic
	 *            The characteristic to read from.
	 */
	public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
		if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
			Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
			return;
		}
		mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
	}

	/**
	 * Enables or disables notification on a give characteristic.
	 * 
	 * @param characteristic
	 *            Characteristic to act on.
	 * @param enabled
	 *            If true, enable notification. False otherwise.
	 */
	public void setCharacteristicNotification(
			BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean enabled) {
		if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
			Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
			return;
		}
		mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
		BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID
				.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
		if (descriptor != null) {
			System.out.println("write descriptor");
			descriptor
					.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
			mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
		}
		/*
		 * // This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement. if
		 * (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
		 * System
		 * .out.println("characteristic.getUuid() == "+characteristic.getUuid
		 * ()+", "); BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor =
		 * characteristic.getDescriptor
		 * (UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
		 * descriptor
		 * .setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
		 * mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor); }
		 */
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves a list of supported GATT services on the connected device. This
	 * should be invoked only after {@code BluetoothGatt#discoverServices()}
	 * completes successfully.
	 * 
	 * @return A {@code List} of supported services.
	 */
	public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() {
		if (mBluetoothGatt == null)
			return null;

		return mBluetoothGatt.getServices();
	}

	/**
	 * Read the RSSI for a connected remote device.
	 * */
	public boolean getRssiVal() {
		if (mBluetoothGatt == null)
			return false;

		return mBluetoothGatt.readRemoteRssi();
	}
}

再加上一个演示的类的源代码

import java.util.HashMap;

/**
 * This class includes a small subset of standard GATT attributes for demonstration purposes.
 * 这个类包括一小部分标准GATT属性用于演示目的
 */
public class SampleGattAttributes {
    private static HashMap<String, String> attributes = new HashMap();
    public static String HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT = "0000C004-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";
    public static String CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG = "00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";

    static {
        // Sample Services.
        attributes.put("0000fff00000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Heart Rate Service");
        attributes.put("0000180a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Device Information Service");
        // Sample Characteristics.
        attributes.put(HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT, "Heart Rate Measurement");
        attributes.put("00002a29-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Manufacturer Name String");
    }
    
    public static String lookup(String uuid, String defaultName) {
        String name = attributes.get(uuid);
        return name == null ? defaultName : name;
    }
}