看了滑块验证码(滑动验证码)相比图形验证码,破解难度如何?中《Python3网络爬虫开发实战》作者 崔庆才丨静觅 的一个回答,里面有详细介绍如何对抗滑块验证码,因此学习一下,对此进行记录。
正文
[1]流程
- 利用 Python selenium 自动化测试工具 直接拟人行为来完成滑块验证码验证
- 分析页面,找出滑块验证码的完整图片,缺口图片。
- 对比原始的图片和带缺口的图片的像素,像素不同的地方就是缺口位置
- 计算出滑块缺口的位置,得到所需要滑动的偏移量
- 使用物理加速度位移公式计算出移动轨迹
- 最后利用 Selenium 进行对滑块的拖拽
[2]分析页面
B站,是一个不错的学习网站,记得很久之前第一次碰到滑块验证码登录时候就是在B站看见的,所以拿它来练手。😃
F12,打开开发者工具,找出登录框中有用的信息。
用户名输入: id="login-username"
密码输入框: id="login-passwd"
登录按钮: class="btn btn-login"
带有缺口的验证码图片: class="geetest_canvas_bg geetest_absolute"
需要滑动的验证码图片: class="geetest_canvas_slice geetest_absolute"
完整的验证码图片: class="geetest_canvas_fullbg geetest_fade geetest_absolute"
滑块按钮: class="geetest_slider_button"
[3]编写代码
导入库文件
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
import random
from PIL import Image
USER_AGENT_LIST
USER_AGENT_LIST = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2228.0 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.1 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.0 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.0 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2226.0 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.4; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2225.0 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2225.0 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2224.3 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/40.0.2214.93 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2062.124 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2049.0 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 4.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2049.0 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1985.67 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1985.67 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; OpenBSD i386) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1985.125 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1944.0 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.3319.102 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.2309.372 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.2117.157 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.47 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/34.0.1866.237 Safari/537.36",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/34.0.1847.137 Safari/4E423F",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/34.0.1847.116 Safari/537.36 Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 3_2 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/531.21.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.4 Mobile/7B334b Safari/531.21.10",
"Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; Ubuntu/14.10) Presto/2.12.388 Version/12.16",
"Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.0) Presto/2.12.388 Version/12.14",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0; rv:2.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0 Opera 12.14",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0) Opera 12.14",
"Opera/12.80 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en) Presto/2.10.289 Version/12.02",
"Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; es-ES) Presto/2.9.181 Version/12.00",
"Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 5.1; U; zh-sg) Presto/2.9.181 Version/12.00",
"Opera/12.0(Windows NT 5.2;U;en)Presto/22.9.168 Version/12.00",
"Opera/12.0(Windows NT 5.1;U;en)Presto/22.9.168 Version/12.00",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/14.0 Opera/12.0",
"Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; U; pt) Presto/2.10.229 Version/11.62",
"Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.0; U; pl) Presto/2.10.229 Version/11.62",
"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; de) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
"Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.51",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; de) Opera 11.51",
"Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux x86_64; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.50",
"Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; hu) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.50",
]
初始化函数
def init(self):
"""
初始化变量
:return:
"""
global url, browser, username, password, wait
url = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/login'
path = r'G:\Python3\Scripts\chromedriver.exe'
chrome_options = Options()
#随机选择一个User_Agent
user_agent = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST)
#全屏
chrome_options.add_argument('--start-maximized')
chrome_options.add_argument('user-agent=%s'%user_agent)
#开启开发者模式,可以进一步防止selenium被反爬虫识别
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["ignore-certificate-errors","enable-automation"])
browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=path, chrome_options=chrome_options)
username = '用户名'
password = '密码'
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 20)
global
关键字 定义了 url, browser, username, password, wait等全局变量,随后定义了chrome 的路径。
登录函数
def login(self):
"""
输入帐号密码登录
:return:
"""
browser.get(url)
user = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'login-username')))
passwd = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'login-passwd')))
user.send_keys(username)
passwd.send_keys(password)
#contains 就是包含,根据上面分析得知,登录按钮是的class是 btn btn-login 所以用XPATH 的contains函数就可以只选择其中之一。
login_btn = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,"//a[contains(@class,'btn-login')]")))
ran_time = random.random() * 2
print("随机睡眠时间: ",ran_time)
time.sleep(ran_time)
login_btn.click()
等待用户名输入框和密码输入框对应的 ID 节点加载出来
获取这两个节点,用户名输入框 id="login-username"
,密码输入框 id="login-passwd"
调用 send_keys()
方法输入用户名和密码
获取登录按钮 class="btn btn-login"
随机产生一个数并将其扩大两倍作为暂停时间
最后调用 click()
方法实现登录按钮的点击
【4】验证码处理模块
验证码元素查找函数
def find_code(self):
"""
查找 验证码图片
:return:
"""