- //服务端
- /*
- 。在程序清单7-8 中,我们向大家展示了如何构建一个简单
- 的服务器应用,令其采用前述的方法,通过完成例程,来实现对一个套接字请求的管理。该程序的编
- 码主要按下述步骤进行:
- ① 新建一个套接字,开始在指定端口上,监听一个进入的连接。
- ② 接受一个进入的连接请求。
- ③ 为接受的套接字创建一个WSAOVERLAPPED 结构。
- ④ 在套接字上投递一个异步WSARecv 请求,方法是将WSAOVERLAPPED 指定成为参数,同时提供
- 一个完成例程。
- ⑤ 在将fAlertable 参数设为TRUE 的前提下,调用WSAWaitForMultipleEvents,并等待一个重
- 叠I/O 请求完成。重叠请求完成后,完成例程会自动执行,而且WSAWaitForMultipleEvents 会返回一
- 个WSA_IO_COMPLETION。在完成例程内,可随一个完成例程一道,投递另一个重叠WSARecv 请求。
- ⑥ 检查WSAWaitForMultipleEvents 是否返回WSA_IO_COMPLETION。
- ⑦ 重复第⑤步和第⑥步。
- 程序清单7-8 采用完成例程的简单重叠I/O 处理示例
- // 说明:该例介绍了如何使用重叠I/O 模型开发简单的回显服务器应用,该例也是简单的控制
- 台程序,
- */
- // 它会在连接从服务器建立和移除时打印消息。该应用会在5150 端口监听和接收进入的TCP 连
- //接,
- // 收到客户端发送的数据时,会把收到的数据按照原来的格式发送回去
- // 编译:cl -o overlap overlap.cpp ws2_32.lib
- #include <winsock2.h>
- #include <windows.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
- #define PORT 5150
- #define DATA_BUFSIZE 8192
- typedef struct _SOCKET_INFORMATION {
- CHAR Buffer[DATA_BUFSIZE];
- WSABUF DataBuf;
- SOCKET Socket;
- WSAOVERLAPPED Overlapped;
- DWORD BytesSEND;
- DWORD BytesRECV;
- } SOCKET_INFORMATION, * LPSOCKET_INFORMATION;
- DWORD EventTotal = 0; //事件对象总数
- DWORD WINAPI ProcessIO(LPVOID lpParameter);
- WSAEVENT EventArray[WSA_MAXIMUM_WAIT_EVENTS];
- LPSOCKET_INFORMATION SocketArray[WSA_MAXIMUM_WAIT_EVENTS];
- CRITICAL_SECTION CriticalSection;
- int main(void)
- {
- WSADATA wsaData;
- SOCKET ListenSocket, AcceptSocket;
- SOCKADDR_IN InternetAddr;
- DWORD Flags;
- DWORD ThreadId;
- DWORD RecvBytes;
- INT Ret;
- InitializeCriticalSection(&CriticalSection); //初始化临界区
- printf("主函数开始执行\n") ;
- if ((Ret = WSAStartup(0x0202,&wsaData)) != 0)
- {
- printf("WSAStartup failed with error %d\n", Ret);
- WSACleanup();
- return 0 ;
- }
- if ((ListenSocket = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0, NULL, 0,
- WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED)) == INVALID_SOCKET) //创建监听端口
- {
- printf("Failed to get a socket %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0 ;
- }
- InternetAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- InternetAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
- InternetAddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
- if (bind(ListenSocket, (PSOCKADDR) &InternetAddr, sizeof(InternetAddr)) ==
- SOCKET_ERROR) //绑定端口
- {
- printf("bind() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0 ;
- }
- if (listen(ListenSocket, 5))
- {
- printf("listen() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0 ;
- }
- // 建立连接的监听套接字
- if ((AcceptSocket = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0, NULL, 0,
- WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED)) == INVALID_SOCKET) //这里创建了一个异步的
- {
- printf("Failed to get a socket %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0 ;
- }
- if ((EventArray[0] = WSACreateEvent()) == WSA_INVALID_EVENT) //第一个事件对象
- {
- printf("WSACreateEvent failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0 ;
- }
- // 创建服务重叠请求的线程
- printf("创建线程\n") ;
- if (CreateThread(NULL, 0, ProcessIO, NULL, 0, &ThreadId) == NULL) //为什么不叫ThreadIO,也叫ProcessIO咧?
- {
- printf("CreateThread failed with error %d\n", GetLastError());
- return 0 ;
- }
- EventTotal = 1; //突然间冒出来
- int i = 0 ;
- while(TRUE)
- {
- // 接收进入的连接
- printf("Main第%d次循环\n",i+1) ;
- i++ ;
- printf("等待连接,兼进入临界区\n") ;
- if ((AcceptSocket = accept(ListenSocket, NULL, NULL)) == INVALID_SOCKET)
- {
- printf("accept failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0 ;
- }
- EnterCriticalSection(&CriticalSection); //临界区??
- // 创建同接收的套接字相关的套接字信息结构体
- if ((SocketArray[EventTotal] = (LPSOCKET_INFORMATION) GlobalAlloc(GPTR,
- sizeof(SOCKET_INFORMATION))) == NULL)
- {
- printf("GlobalAlloc() failed with error %d\n", GetLastError());
- return 0 ;
- }
- // 填充接收套接字的细节
- SocketArray[EventTotal]->Socket = AcceptSocket; //新套接字的?
- ZeroMemory(&(SocketArray[EventTotal]->Overlapped), sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
- SocketArray[EventTotal]->BytesSEND = 0;
- SocketArray[EventTotal]->BytesRECV = 0;
- SocketArray[EventTotal]->DataBuf.len = DATA_BUFSIZE;
- SocketArray[EventTotal]->DataBuf.buf = SocketArray[EventTotal]->Buffer;
- if ((SocketArray[EventTotal]->Overlapped.hEvent = EventArray[EventTotal] =
- WSACreateEvent()) == WSA_INVALID_EVENT) //将第几个事件对象赋给
- {
- printf("WSACreateEvent() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0;
- }
- // 发布WSARecv 请求开始在套接字上接收数据
- Flags = 0;
- if (WSARecv(SocketArray[EventTotal]->Socket,
- &(SocketArray[EventTotal]->DataBuf), 1, &RecvBytes, &Flags,
- &(SocketArray[EventTotal]->Overlapped), NULL) == SOCKET_ERROR)
- {
- if (WSAGetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
- {
- printf("WSARecv() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0;
- }
- }
- EventTotal++;
- printf("离开临界区\n") ;
- LeaveCriticalSection(&CriticalSection);
- // 信号通知事件数组中的第一个事件,让工作线程服务事件数组中的其它事件
- if (WSASetEvent(EventArray[0]) == FALSE)
- {
- printf("WSASetEvent failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0 ;
- }
- }//while
- return 0 ;
- }
- DWORD WINAPI ProcessIO(LPVOID lpParameter)
- {
- DWORD Index;
- DWORD Flags;
- LPSOCKET_INFORMATION SI;
- DWORD BytesTransferred;
- DWORD i;
- DWORD RecvBytes, SendBytes;
- printf("进入ProcessIO\n") ;
- int j = 0 ;
- // 处理异步WSASend、WSARecv 请求
- while(TRUE)
- {
- printf("ProcessIO第%d次循环\n",j+1) ;
- j++ ;
- if ((Index = WSAWaitForMultipleEvents(EventTotal, EventArray, FALSE,
- WSA_INFINITE, FALSE)) == WSA_WAIT_FAILED)
- {
- printf("WSAWaitForMultipleEvents failed %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0;
- }
- // 如果触发的事件为零,然后会在我们的监听套接字上进行连接尝试
- if ((Index - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0) == 0) //如果是0的话,就直接跳到下一个循环?什么回事?
- {
- WSAResetEvent(EventArray[0]);
- continue;
- }
- SI = SocketArray[Index - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0];
- WSAResetEvent(EventArray[Index - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0]);
- if (WSAGetOverlappedResult(SI->Socket, &(SI->Overlapped), &BytesTransferred,
- FALSE, &Flags) == FALSE || BytesTransferred == 0)
- {
- printf("Closing socket %d\n", SI->Socket);
- if (closesocket(SI->Socket) == SOCKET_ERROR)
- {
- printf("closesocket() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- }
- GlobalFree(SI);
- WSACloseEvent(EventArray[Index - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0]);
- // 通过删除事件句柄和套接字信息结构体来清除SocketArray 和EventArray
- EnterCriticalSection(&CriticalSection); //临界区。。
- if ((Index - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0) + 1 != EventTotal)
- for (i = Index - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0; i < EventTotal; i++)
- {
- EventArray[i] = EventArray[i + 1];
- SocketArray[i] = SocketArray[i + 1];
- }
- EventTotal--;
- LeaveCriticalSection(&CriticalSection); //离开临界区
- continue;
- }
- // 查看BytesRECV 域是否为0,然后这意味着WSARecv 调用刚刚完成,因此可以用从已完
- //成
- // 的WSARecv 调用中获得的BytesTransferred 值来更新 BytesRECV 域
- if (SI->BytesRECV == 0)
- {
- SI->BytesRECV = BytesTransferred;
- SI->BytesSEND = 0;
- }
- else
- {
- SI->BytesSEND += BytesTransferred;
- }
- if (SI->BytesRECV > SI->BytesSEND)
- {
- // 发布另一个WSASend()请求,因为WSASend()不能确保发送所以请求的字节,继续
- //发布
- // WSASend()调用直到所以收到的字节被发送
- ZeroMemory(&(SI->Overlapped), sizeof(WSAOVERLAPPED));
- SI->Overlapped.hEvent = EventArray[Index - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0];
- SI->DataBuf.buf = SI->Buffer + SI->BytesSEND;
- SI->DataBuf.len = SI->BytesRECV - SI->BytesSEND;
- if (WSASend(SI->Socket, &(SI->DataBuf), 1, &SendBytes, 0,
- &(SI->Overlapped), NULL) == SOCKET_ERROR) //这里发出去
- {
- if (WSAGetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
- {
- printf("WSASend() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0;
- }
- }
- }
- else
- {
- SI->BytesRECV = 0;
- // 现在不在需要发布WSARecv 请求来发送其余的数据
- Flags = 0;
- ZeroMemory(&(SI->Overlapped), sizeof(WSAOVERLAPPED));
- SI->Overlapped.hEvent = EventArray[Index - WSA_WAIT_EVENT_0];
- SI->DataBuf.len = DATA_BUFSIZE;
- SI->DataBuf.buf = SI->Buffer;
- if (WSARecv(SI->Socket, &(SI->DataBuf), 1, &RecvBytes, &Flags,
- &(SI->Overlapped), NULL) == SOCKET_ERROR) //接收事件
- {
- if (WSAGetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
- {
- printf("WSARecv() failed with error %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 0;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- // printf("接收: %s",SI->DataBuf ) ; 一次是接收不完的
- }
- }
- }
- printf("离开ProcessIO\n") ;
- }
- //客户端
- /*
- 程序清单6-2 是客户端代码,客户端建立一个套接字,并对投入应用的服务器名进行解析,然后
- 与服务器建立连接。连接一旦建成,就可发送大量的消息了。每次发送数据之后,客户端都会等待服
- 务器发回的回应。客户端把得自套接字的数据打印出来。
- 回应客户端和服务器不能完全说明TCP 协议的流式传输。这是因为读取操作是在写操作之后进行
- 的,至少客户端这一端是这样的。当然,对服务器来说,还有另一种方式。因此,服务器每次调用读
- 取函数,一般都会返回客户端发出的整条消息。但不要误会,如果客户端的消息大到超过了TCP 的最
- 大传输单元,在线上,它会被分成几个小的数据包,这种情况下,接收端需要多次执行接收调用,才
- 能收完整条消息。为了更好地说明流式传输,运行客户端和服务器时带上-O 选项即可。这样,客户端
- 便只管发送数据,接收端只管读取数据。
- 服务器如下执行:
- server -p:5150 -o
- 而客户端如下执行:
- client -p:5150 -s:IP -n:10 -o
- 大家最可能见到的是客户端进行了10 次send 调用,而服务器在一次或两次recv 调用中,就读
- 取了10 条消息。
- */
- //程序清单6-2 回应客户端代码
- // 说明:回显客户端,连接TCP 服务器,发送数据,并且读服务器返回的数据
- // 编译命令:cl -o Client Client.c ws2_32.lib
- //
- // 命令行参数:
- // client [-p:x] [-s:IP] [-n:x] [-o]
- // -p:x 发送的远程端口
- // -s:IP 服务器IP 地址或主机名
- // -n:x 发送消息次数
- // -o 只发送消息,不接收
- //
- #include <winsock2.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib ")
- #define DEFAULT_COUNT 10
- #define DEFAULT_PORT 5150
- #define DEFAULT_BUFFER 2048
- #define DEFAULT_MESSAGE "This is a test of the emergency \
- broadcasting system"
- char szServer[128], // 连接的服务器
- szMessage[1024]; // 发送给服务器的消息
- int iPort = DEFAULT_PORT; // 连接到服务器的端口
- DWORD dwCount = DEFAULT_COUNT; // 发送消息次数
- BOOL bSendOnly = FALSE; // 只发送数据,不接收
- void usage() ;
- void ValidateArgs(int argc, char **argv) ;
- // 函数:main
- // 说明:执行主线程,初始化Winsock,解释命令行参数,创建套接字,连接服务器,然后发送
- //和接
- // 收数据
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- WSADATA wsd;
- SOCKET sClient;
- char szBuffer[DEFAULT_BUFFER];
- int ret,i;
- struct sockaddr_in server;
- struct hostent *host = NULL;
- // 解释命令行并且载入Winsock
- ValidateArgs(argc, argv);
- if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsd) != 0)
- {
- printf("Failed to load Winsock library!\n");
- return 1;
- }
- strcpy(szMessage, DEFAULT_MESSAGE);
- // 创建套接字,并且尝试连接服务器
- sClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
- if (sClient == INVALID_SOCKET)
- {
- printf("socket() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 1;
- }
- server.sin_family = AF_INET;
- server.sin_port = htons(iPort);
- server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(szServer);
- // 如果提供的服务器地址不是形如"aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd",则为主机名,尝试解析它
- if (server.sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_NONE)
- {
- host = gethostbyname(szServer);
- if (host == NULL)
- {
- printf("Unable to resolve server: %s\n", szServer);
- return 1;
- }
- CopyMemory(&server.sin_addr, host->h_addr_list[0],
- host->h_length);
- }
- if (connect(sClient, (struct sockaddr *)&server,sizeof(server)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
- {
- printf("connect() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- return 1;
- }
- // 发送和接收数据
- for(i = 0; i < dwCount; i++)
- {
- ret = send(sClient, szMessage, strlen(szMessage), 0);
- if (ret == 0)
- break;
- else if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
- {
- printf("send() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- break;
- }
- printf("Send %d bytes\n", ret);
- if (!bSendOnly)
- {
- ret = recv(sClient, szBuffer, DEFAULT_BUFFER, 0);
- if (ret == 0) // Graceful close
- break;
- else if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
- {
- printf("recv() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
- break;
- }
- szBuffer[ret] = '\0';
- printf("RECV [%d bytes]: '%s'\n", ret, szBuffer);
- }
- }
- closesocket(sClient);
- WSACleanup();
- return 0;
- }
- void usage()
- {
- printf("usage: client [-p:x] [-s:IP] [-n:x] [-o]\n\n");
- printf(" -p:x Remote port to send to\n");
- printf(" -s:IP Server's IP address or hostname\n");
- printf(" -n:x Number of times to send message\n");
- printf(" -o Send messages only; don't receive\n");
- ExitProcess(1);
- }
- // 函数:ValidateArgs
- // 说明:解释命令行参数,设置全局变量
- void ValidateArgs(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- int i;
- for(i = 1; i < argc; i++)
- {
- if ((argv[i][0] == '-') || (argv[i][0] == '/'))
- {
- switch (tolower(argv[i][1]))
- {
- case 'p': // Remote port
- if (strlen(argv[i]) > 3)
- iPort = atoi(&argv[i][3]);
- break;
- case 's': // Server
- if (strlen(argv[i]) > 3)
- strcpy(szServer, &argv[i][3]);
- break;
- case 'n': // Number of times to send message
- if (strlen(argv[i]) > 3)
- dwCount = atol(&argv[i][3]);
- break;
- case 'o': // Only send message; don't receive
- bSendOnly = TRUE;
- break;
- default:
- usage();
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }