linux网络编程备忘

0. 相关头文件

# include <sys /socket.h >
# include <netinet /in.h >
# include <arpa /inet.h >

# include <sys /epoll.h >
# include <fcntl.h >

# include <unistd.h >

#include <sys/time.h>

# include <stdio.h >
# include <stdlib.h >

# include <memory.h >

# include <assert.h >

# include <pthread.h >

# include <errno.h >

1.socket初始化
 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
 if(s == -1) return -1;

 

 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
 if(s == -1) return -1;

struct sockaddr_in stAddr;
 memset(&stAddr, 0, sizeof(stAddr));
 stAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
 stAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(pszIp);
 stAddr.sin_port = ntohs(ushPort);
 if(bind(s, (struct sockaddr*)&stAddr, sizeof(stAddr)) == -1)
 {
      return -2;
 }

 

2.非阻塞
  //set non-blocking

void setNonBlock( int sock_fd )
{
     int opts;
    opts = fcntl( sock_fd, F_GETFL );
     if( opts < 0 )
    {
        printf( "err:fcntl F_GETFL");
        exit( 1 );
    }
    opts = opts | O_NONBLOCK ;
     if( fcntl( sock_fd, F_SETFL, opts ) < 0 )
    {
        printf( "err:fcntl F_SETFL");
        exit( 1 );
    }
}

3.设置端口复用
使多个Socket对象绑定在同一个端口上

  //set socket port reuse
  if(setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &flags, sizeof(flags)) == - 1)
 {
       return - 1;
 }

4.自定义各类缓冲大小
  //reset recv buf len
  if(setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, ( char *) &iRcvBufLen, sizeof(iRcvBufLen)) == - 1)
 {
       return - 1;
 }

 

//reset send buf len
  if(setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, ( char *) &iSendBufLen, sizeof(iSendBufLen)) == - 1)
 {
       return - 1;
 }

 

5.设置tcp nodelay( 关闭 Nagle算法 )

1) 在实时性要求较高时要关闭

2) Nagle算法用来减少少报文数目

          int flag = 1;
          int result = setsockopt(sock,             /* socket affected */
                                 IPPROTO_TCP,      /* set option at TCP level */
                                 TCP_NODELAY,      /* name of option */
                                 ( char *) &flag,   /* the cast is historical
                                                         cruft */
                                  sizeof( int));     /* length of option value */

 

6.设置SO_LINGER

    将linger参数设为一个正整数n时（n的值最大是65，535），在调用close方法后，将最多被阻塞n秒。在这n秒内，系统将尽量将未送出的数据包发送出去；如果超过了n秒，如果还有未发送的数据包，这些数据包将全部被丢弃；而close方法会立即返回。如果将linger设为0，和关闭SO_LINGER选项的作用是一样的。

 

SO_LINGER选项用来改变此缺省设置。使用如下结构:

struct linger {
      int l_onoff; /* 0 = off, nozero = on */ 
      int l_linger; /* linger time */ 
}; 

struct linger so_linger;
so_linger.l_onoff = TRUE;
so_linger.l_linger = 30;
int result = setsockopt(s,
    SOL_SOCKET,
    SO_LINGER,
     &so_linger,
     sizeof so_linger);

 

7.设置SO_KEEPALIVE

    客户端Socket每隔段的时间（大约两个小时）就会利用空闲的连接向服务器发送一个数据包。这个数据包并没有其它的作用，只是为了检测一下服务器是否仍处于活动状态

keepAlive = 1； 
setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, ( void *) &keepAlive, sizeof(keepAlive));

 

8.服务器初始化

    

listen_fd = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

memset( &svrAddr, 0 , sizeof( sockaddr_in ) );
inet_aton( "127.0.0.1", &svrAddr.sin_addr );

svrAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
svrAddr.sin_port = htons( 12345 );

int ret;
ret = bind( listen_fd, (sockaddr *) &svrAddr, sizeof( sockaddr_in ) );
if( ret != 0 )
{
    perror( "bind fail" );
    exit( - 3);
}

listen( listen_fd, 20 );

 

9. Accept

//一定要初始化长度，否则很容易accept出错

clnLen = sizeof( sockaddr_in );
memset( &clnAddr, 0 , sizeof( sockaddr_in ) );

conn_fd = accept( listen_fd, (sockaddr *) &clnAddr, &clnLen );
if( conn_fd < 0 )
{
    perror( "conn_fd < 0");
         break;
}