nnCostFunction.m
function [J grad] = nnCostFunction(nn_params, ...
input_layer_size, ...
hidden_layer_size, ...
num_labels, ...
X, y, lambda)
%NNCOSTFUNCTION Implements the neural network cost function for a two layer
%neural network which performs classification
% [J grad] = NNCOSTFUNCTON(nn_params, hidden_layer_size, num_labels, ...
% X, y, lambda) computes the cost and gradient of the neural network. The
% parameters for the neural network are "unrolled" into the vector
% nn_params and need to be converted back into the weight matrices.
%
% The returned parameter grad should be a "unrolled" vector of the
% partial derivatives of the neural network.
%
% Reshape nn_params back into the parameters Theta1 and Theta2, the weight matrices
% for our 2 layer neural network
Theta1 = reshape(nn_params(1:hidden_layer_size * (input_layer_size + 1)), ...
hidden_layer_size, (input_layer_size + 1));
Theta2 = reshape(nn_params((1 + (hidden_layer_size * (input_layer_size + 1))):end), ...
num_labels, (hidden_layer_size + 1));
% Setup some useful variables
m = size(X, 1);
% You need to return the following variables correctly
J = 0;
Theta1_grad = zeros(size(Theta1));
Theta2_grad = zeros(size(Theta2));
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: You should complete the code by working through the
% following parts.
%
% Part 1: Feedforward the neural network and return the cost in the
% variable J. After implementing Part 1, you can verify that your
% cost function computation is correct by verifying the cost
% computed in ex4.m
%
% Part 2: Implement the backpropagation algorithm to compute the gradients
% Theta1_grad and Theta2_grad. You should return the partial derivatives of
% the cost function with respect to Theta1 and Theta2 in Theta1_grad and
% Theta2_grad, respectively. After implementing Part 2, you can check
% that your implementation is correct by running checkNNGradients
%
% Note: The vector y passed into the function is a vector of labels
% containing values from 1..K. You need to map this vector into a
% binary vector of 1's and 0's to be used with the neural network
% cost function.
%
% Hint: We recommend implementing backpropagation using a for-loop
% over the training examples if you are implementing it for the
% first time.
%
% Part 3: Implement regularization with the cost function and gradients.
%
% Hint: You can implement this around the code for
% backpropagation. That is, you can compute the gradients for
% the regularization separately and then add them to Theta1_grad
% and Theta2_grad from Part 2.
%
% Part 1:计算J
% X=[ones(m,1) X];
% for i=1:m,
% z2=Theta1*X(i,:)';
% a2=sigmoid(z2);
% a2=[1;a2];
% z3=Theta2*a2;
% a3=sigmoid(z3);
% J=J+sum(log(1-a3))+log(a3(y(i,:)))-log(1-a3(y(i,:)));%由于输出为10维向量,而y的值是1-10的数字,所以可以用y的值指示a3那些元素加,哪些不加
% end
% J=-(J/m);
%
%
% % Part 2: compute the gradients
% temp=0;
% for i=1:hidden_layer_size,
% for j=2:(input_layer_size+1),
% temp=temp+Theta1(i,j)^2;%对Theta1除了第一列(与偏置神经元对应的那列)元素的平方求和
% end
% end
% for i=1:num_labels,
% for j=2:(hidden_layer_size+1),
% temp=temp+Theta2(i,j)^2;%对Theta2除了第一列(与偏置神经元对应的那列)元素的平方求和
% end
% end
%
% J=J+lambda/(2*m)*temp;
%
%
% %利用反向传播法求取偏导数值,实际上这个循环可以和计算J值得循环合为一个,为了代码清晰,所以分开写了??
% delta3=zeros(num_labels,1);%反向传播,输出层的误差??
% delta2=zeros(size(Theta1));%反向传播,隐藏层的误差;输入层不计算误差??
% for i=1:m,%m为训练样本数,利用for遍历?
% a1=X(i,:)';
% z2=Theta1*a1;
% a2=sigmoid(z2);
% a2=[1;a2];
% z3=Theta2*a2;
% a3=sigmoid(z3);
% delta3=a3;
% delta3(y(i,:))=delta3(y(i,:))-1;
% delta2=Theta2'*delta3.*[1;sigmoidGradient(z2)];
% delta2=delta2(2:end);
% Theta2_grad=Theta2_grad+delta3*a2';
% Theta1_grad=Theta1_grad+delta2*a1';
% end
%
% Theta2_grad=Theta2_grad/m+lambda/m*Theta2;%正则化,修正梯度值
% Theta2_grad(:,1)=Theta2_grad(:,1)-lambda/m*Theta2(:,1);%由于不惩罚偏执单元对应的列,所以把他减掉
% Theta1_grad=Theta1_grad/m+lambda/m*Theta1;
% Theta1_grad(:,1)=Theta1_grad(:,1)-lambda/m*Theta1(:,1);
X = [ones(m, 1) X];
ylabel = zeros(num_labels, m);
for i=1:m
ylabel(y(i), i) = 1;
end
z2 = X*Theta1';
z2 = [ones(m, 1) z2];
a2 = sigmoid(X*Theta1');
a2 = [ones(m, 1) a2];
a3 = sigmoid(a2*Theta2');
for i=1:m
J = J - log(a3(i, :))*ylabel(:, i) - (log(1 - a3(i, :)) * (1 - ylabel(:, i)));
end
J = J/m;
J = J + lambda/(2*m) * (sum(sum(Theta1(:, 2:end).^2)) + sum(sum(Theta2(:, 2:end).^2)));
Delta1 = zeros(size(Theta1));
Delta2 = zeros(size(Theta2));
for t = 1:m
delta3 = a3(t, :)' - ylabel(:, t);
delta2 = Theta2'*delta3 .* sigmoidGradient(z2(t, :)');
Delta1 = Delta1 + delta2(2:end) * X(t, :);
Delta2 = Delta2 + delta3 * a2(t, :);
end
Theta1_grad = Delta1 / m;
Theta1_grad(:, 2:end) = Theta1_grad(:, 2:end) + lambda/m*Theta1(:, 2:end);
Theta2_grad = Delta2 / m;
Theta2_grad(:, 2:end) = Theta2_grad(:, 2:end) + lambda/m*Theta2(:, 2:end);
% -------------------------------------------------------------
% =========================================================================
% Unroll gradients
grad = [Theta1_grad(:) ; Theta2_grad(:)];
end
随机初始化
randInitializeWeights.m
function W = randInitializeWeights(L_in, L_out)
%RANDINITIALIZEWEIGHTS Randomly initialize the weights of a layer with L_in
%incoming connections and L_out outgoing connections
% W = RANDINITIALIZEWEIGHTS(L_in, L_out) randomly initializes the weights
% of a layer with L_in incoming connections and L_out outgoing
% connections.
%
% Note that W should be set to a matrix of size(L_out, 1 + L_in) as
% the first column of W handles the "bias" terms
%
% You need to return the following variables correctly
W = zeros(L_out, 1 + L_in);
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Initialize W randomly so that we break the symmetry while
% training the neural network.
%
% Note: The first column of W corresponds to the parameters for the bias unit
%
epsilon = 0.12;
W = rand(L_out, 1+L_in)*2*epsilon - epsilon;
% =========================================================================
end
sigmoid梯度
sigmoidGradient.m
function g = sigmoidGradient(z)
%SIGMOIDGRADIENT returns the gradient of the sigmoid function
%evaluated at z
% g = SIGMOIDGRADIENT(z) computes the gradient of the sigmoid function
% evaluated at z. This should work regardless if z is a matrix or a
% vector. In particular, if z is a vector or matrix, you should return
% the gradient for each element.
g = zeros(size(z));
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Compute the gradient of the sigmoid function evaluated at
% each value of z (z can be a matrix, vector or scalar).
g=sigmoid(z).*(1-sigmoid(z));
% =============================================================
end