动手学习深度学习—Task04

GRU

RNN存在的问题：梯度较容易出现衰减或爆炸（BPTT）
⻔控循环神经⽹络：捕捉时间序列中时间步距离较⼤的依赖关系

GRU:

$$\begin{gathered} R_t=\sigma (X_t{W}_{xr}+H_{t-1}{W}_{hr}+b_r) \\ {Z}_t=\sigma (X_t{W}_{zr}+H_{t-1}{W}_{hz}+b_z) \\ {\hat{H}}_t=tanh(X_t{W}_{xh}+(R_t⨀H_{t-1})W_{hh}+b_h) \\ {H}_t=Z_t⨀H_{t-1}+(1-Z_t)⨀{\hat{H}}_t \end{gathered}$$

• 重置⻔有助于捕捉时间序列⾥短期的依赖关系；
• 更新⻔有助于捕捉时间序列⾥⻓期的依赖关系。

def gru(inputs, state, params):
    W_xz, W_hz, b_z, W_xr, W_hr, b_r, W_xh, W_hh, b_h, W_hq, b_q = params
    H, = state
    outputs = []
    for X in inputs:
        Z = torch.sigmoid(torch.matmul(X, W_xz) + torch.matmul(H, W_hz) + b_z)
        R = torch.sigmoid(torch.matmul(X, W_xr) + torch.matmul(H, W_hr) + b_r)
        H_tilda = torch.tanh(torch.matmul(X, W_xh) + R * torch.matmul(H, W_hh) + b_h)
        H = Z * H + (1 - Z) * H_tilda
        Y = torch.matmul(H, W_hq) + b_q
        outputs.append(Y)
    return outputs, (H,)

LSTM

遗忘门:控制上一时间步的记忆细胞 输入门:控制当前时间步的输入
输出门:控制从记忆细胞到隐藏状态
记忆细胞：⼀种特殊的隐藏状态的信息的流动

def lstm(inputs, state, params):
    [W_xi, W_hi, b_i, W_xf, W_hf, b_f, W_xo, W_ho, b_o, W_xc, W_hc, b_c, W_hq, b_q] = params
    (H, C) = state
    outputs = []
    for X in inputs:
        I = torch.sigmoid(torch.matmul(X, W_xi) + torch.matmul(H, W_hi) + b_i)
        F = torch.sigmoid(torch.matmul(X, W_xf) + torch.matmul(H, W_hf) + b_f)
        O = torch.sigmoid(torch.matmul(X, W_xo) + torch.matmul(H, W_ho) + b_o)
        C_tilda = torch.tanh(torch.matmul(X, W_xc) + torch.matmul(H, W_hc) + b_c)
        C = F * C + I * C_tilda
        H = O * C.tanh()
        Y = torch.matmul(H, W_hq) + b_q
        outputs.append(Y)
    return outputs, (H, C)

深度循环神经网络

双向循环神经网络