Activity FragmentContainerView Fragment使用技巧

1 问题

1.1 不建议手动管理Fragment

例如当忘记在onPause中移除时fragment时,因旋转屏幕或其它情况重新创建Activity时会导致Fragment被重复添加,屏幕出现错乱.

@Override
protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    fragment1 = FragmentTrees.newInstance();
    getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
            .add(R.id.fragmentContainerView, fragment1)
            .commit();
}

1.2 Fragment被重复添加,屏幕出现错乱

第一反应是不是RecyclerView没有设置正确,一顿操作猛如虎之后…

1.3 手动管理正确的方法

当Fragment比较多时容易错漏.

@Override
protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    fragment1 = FragmentTrees.newInstance();
    getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
            .add(R.id.fragmentContainerView, fragment1)
            .commit();
}

@Override
protected void onPause() {
    getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
            .remove(fragment1)
            .commit();
    super.onPause();
}

2 避坑指南

使用navigation管理Fragment.

2.1 Activity Layout文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:id="@+id/fragmentContainerView"
        android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:defaultNavHost="true"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />


</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

2.1.1 传递动态参数值

当您要传递动态参数值给Fragment时,在Layout文件中不要设置"app:navGraph"属性,改在Activity onCreate方法中传递动态值参数,如下:

NavHostFragment navHostFragment = (NavHostFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.fragmentContainerView);
NavController navController = navHostFragment.getNavController();
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString(key,val); 
navController.setGraph(R.navigation.nav_trees_of_block,bundle);

navigation.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<navigation xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/trees_of_block"
    app:startDestination="@id/fragmentTrees">
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragmentTrees"
        android:name="cn.kuncb.nutswork.activity.self.FragmentTrees"
        android:label="@string/view_tree_ok"
        tools:layout="@layout/fragment_trees" />
</navigation>

google原文:在目的地之间传递数据

2.1.2 无参数或固定的参数值时

在Layout文件中设置 "app:navGraph"属性,同时navigation文件中写参数

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:id="@+id/fragmentContainerView"
        android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:defaultNavHost="true"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:navGraph="@navigation/nav_trees_of_block" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

navigation.xml中传递固定值参数,没有参数则把argument节点删除

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<navigation xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/trees_of_block"
    app:startDestination="@id/fragmentTrees">
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragmentTrees"
        android:name="cn.kuncb.nutswork.activity.self.FragmentTrees"
        android:label="@string/view_tree_ok"
        tools:layout="@layout/fragment_trees">

        <argument
            android:name="KEY"
            app:argType="string"
            android:defaultValue="kmcb" />
    </fragment>
</navigation>

3 总结

• 使用navigation,navigation会自动管理fragment,您只要向navigation.xml添加fragment即可,避免使用代码容易出现的错漏;
• 当要传递动态参数值时,在代码调用setGraph,注意setGraph的参数是传递给navigation.xml文件中app:startDestination这个Fragment;
• 要切换Fragment时,使用下面的代码切换.

3.1 Activity中切换

NavHostFragment navHostFragment = (NavHostFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.fragmentContainerView);
NavController navController = navHostFragment.getNavController();
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString(key,val); 
/**
*	注意
*	R.id.fragmentTrees是在navigation.xml中定义的fragment id
*	bundle此时传递给R.id.fragmentTrees
*/
navController.navigate(R.id.fragmentTrees,bundle);  

3.1 Fragment中切换

NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(requireActivity(), R.id.fragmentContainerView);
navController.navigate(R.id.Fragment, null);