ubuntu下更改应用调用名称（ack-grep为例）

先看下ack-grep可执行文件的位置：

test@test-Vostro-3268:~$ which ack-grep 
/usr/bin/ack-grep

得知在/usr/bin里

如果需要替换掉系统默认的应用名称“ack-grep”，就需要在系统环境变量PATH里的值“/usr/bin”之前的某个目录里放应用ack-grep的软链接。
查看系统环境变量：

test@test-Vostro-3268:~$ echo $PATH
/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games

由此可见，/usr/local/sbin在/usr/bin之前，可将软链接放到此目录里。

创建符号链之前，先确认想要存放软链接的目标目录里没有重名的可执行文件或软链接
查看下：

test@test-Vostro-3268:~$ cd /usr/local/sbin/
test@test-Vostro-3268:/usr/local/sbin$ ls -l ack
ls: 无法访问ack: 没有那个文件或目录
test@test-Vostro-3268:/usr/bin$ ls
wpa_cli  wpa_passphrase  wpa_supplicant  

目录里没有ack

创建软链接

test@test-Vostro-3268:~$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ack-grep /usr/local/sbin/ack
[sudo] password for test: 

调用ack测试是否成功

test@test-Vostro-3268:~$ ack
Usage: ack-grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]

Search for PATTERN in each source file in the tree from cwd on down.
If [FILES] is specified, then only those files/directories are checked.
ack-grep may also search STDIN, but only if no FILE are specified, or if
one of FILES is "-".

Default switches may be specified in ACK_OPTIONS environment variable or
an .ackrc file. If you want no dependency on the environment, turn it
off with --noenv.

Example: ack-grep -i select

Searching:
  -i, --ignore-case     Ignore case distinctions in PATTERN
... ... ... ...
This is version 1.92 of ack-grep.

可用ack来调用ack-grep

进到目录里，发现软链接已存在，修改成功

test@test-Vostro-3268:/usr/local/sbin$ ls -l ack
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17  2月 19 10:35 ack -> /usr/bin/ack-grep