一、两种克隆方式的区别
浅克隆: 拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身(包括对象中的基本变量),而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象
深克隆: 不仅拷贝对象本身,而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象
1.1、浅克隆示例
如下图,浅克隆仅仅拷贝了Teacher1中的基本变量,对于引用变量Student则没有拷贝,Teacher1和Teahcer2中的Student用的其实同一个,如果修改Teacher2中的Student的值,Teacher1中Student的值也会跟着改变
代码如下:
Student类
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Student implements Cloneable {
private int age;
private String name;
public Student(int age, String name) {
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
Teacher类
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
class Teacher implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Student student;
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Student student = new Student(20,"小明");
Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher("张老师",40,student);
//为什么会出现以下结果, Teacher中的clone方法
Teacher teacher2 = (Teacher)teacher1.clone();
teacher2.getStudent().setName("小红");
teacher2.getStudent().setAge(22);
System.out.println("teacher1:"+teacher1);
System.out.println("teacher2:"+teacher2);
}
}
输出结果:
teacher1:Teacher(name=张老师, age=40, student=Student(age=22, name=小红))
teacher2:Teacher(name=张老师, age=40, student=Student(age=22, name=小红))
1.2、深克隆示例
如下图,深克隆不仅会拷贝Teacher1中的基本变量,同时也会拷贝引用变量Student,如果修改Teacher2中的Student的值,Teacher1中Student的值并不会跟着改变
代码如下:
Student类
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Student implements Cloneable {
private int age;
private String name;
public Student(int age, String name) {
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
Teacher类
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
class Teacher implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Student student;
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Teacher teacher = (Teacher)super.clone();
teacher.setStudent((Student)teacher.getStudent().clone());
return teacher;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Student student = new Student(20,"小明");
Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher("张老师",40,student);
//为什么会出现以下结果, Teacher中的clone方法
Teacher teacher2 = (Teacher)teacher1.clone();
teacher2.getStudent().setName("小红");
teacher2.getStudent().setAge(22);
System.out.println("teacher1:"+teacher1);
System.out.println("teacher2:"+teacher2);
}
}
输出结果:
teacher1:Teacher(name=张老师, age=40, student=Student(age=20, name=小明))
teacher2:Teacher(name=张老师, age=40, student=Student(age=22, name=小红))
二、集合中的克隆
以List为例,List是最常用的集合之一,有些时候我们会对一个List集合做各种各样的读写操作,但又不想改变List原来的值,这个时候一个List就不够用了,所以我们要复制出一个甚至多个克隆List来执行这些操作。List的克隆方式有很多,下面列举几种常见的List复制的方式,先申明一个list集合,如下:
List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("若兰","如雪","弄玉"));
1.1、用构造方法复制
List<String> list2 = new ArrayList<>(list1);
1.2、遍历复制
List<String> list3 = new ArrayList<>();
for (String str:list1) {
list3.add(str);
}
1.3、Collections.copy复制
List<String> list4 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(new String[list1.size()]));
Collections.copy(list4,list1);
注意: 这里有一个坑,使用Collections.copy方法时一要声明目标集合的大小,并且要等于或者大于源集合的大小。 如果不声明或者小于源集合的元素个数,这样就会报错,报下标界的异常:java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
1.4、System.arraycopy复制
String[] strs = new String[list1.size()];
System.arraycopy(list1.toArray(), 0, strs, 0, list1.size());
List<String> list5 = Arrays.asList(strs);
这个是系统底层的方法,并不推荐使用
1.5、clone复制
List<String> list6 = (List<String>) ((ArrayList<String>) list1).clone();
试试效果,代码如下:
List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("若兰","如雪","弄玉"));
List<String> list2 = new ArrayList<>(list1);
List<String> list3 = new ArrayList<>();
for (String str:list1) {
list3.add(str);
}
List<String> list4 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(new String[list1.size()]));
Collections.copy(list4,list1);
String[] strs = new String[list1.size()];
System.arraycopy(list1.toArray(), 0, strs, 0, list1.size());
List<String> list5 = Arrays.asList(strs);
List<String> list6 = (List<String>) ((ArrayList<String>) list1).clone();
list1.set(0,"琴烟");
list1.set(1,"寒梅");
System.out.println("list1: "+list1.toString());
System.out.println("list2: "+list2.toString());
System.out.println("list3: "+list3.toString());
System.out.println("list4: "+list4.toString());
System.out.println("list5: "+list5.toString());
System.out.println("list6: "+list6.toString());
输出结果如下:
list1: [琴烟, 寒梅, 弄玉]
list2: [若兰, 如雪, 弄玉]
list3: [若兰, 如雪, 弄玉]
list4: [若兰, 如雪, 弄玉]
list5: [若兰, 如雪, 弄玉]
list6: [若兰, 如雪, 弄玉]
结果表明这几种方法都达到了我们想要的效果,但克隆有深浅之分,这些都是浅克隆,如果我们将String类型换成Student类型的话,结果就不一样了。
代码如下:
List<Student> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
list1.add(new Student(10,"若兰"));
list1.add(new Student(20,"如雪"));
list1.add(new Student(30,"弄玉"));
List<Student> list2 = new ArrayList<>(list1);
List<Student> list3 = new ArrayList<>();
for (Student str:list1) {
list3.add(str);
}
List<Student> list4 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(new Student[list1.size()]));
Collections.copy(list4,list1);
Student[] strs = new Student[list1.size()];
System.arraycopy(list1.toArray(), 0, strs, 0, list1.size());
List<Student> list5 = Arrays.asList(strs);
List<Student> list6 = (List<Student>) ((ArrayList<Student>) list1).clone();
list1.get(0).setName("琴烟");
list1.get(0).setAge(12);
list1.get(1).setName("寒梅");
list1.get(1).setAge(22);
System.out.println("list1: "+list1.toString());
System.out.println("list2: "+list2.toString());
System.out.println("list3: "+list3.toString());
System.out.println("list4: "+list4.toString());
System.out.println("list5: "+list5.toString());
System.out.println("list6: "+list6.toString());
输出结果如下:
list1: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list2: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list3: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list4: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list5: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list6: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
结果显示五种复制方法全都失效,为什么会出现这种情况呢?其实这和集合中元素的存储方式有关,如果元素是基本类型,那存储的就是实实在在的值,如果元素是类类型,那存储的仅是元素地址而已。所以虽然我们对list进行了复制,但其中元素的地址并没有改变,如果对元素进行了修改,那么所有复制而来的list中的元素都会跟着改变。
1.6、集合的深度克隆方法
为了解决上面的问题有人巧用序列化对象让集合中的数据在IO流中来回折腾一圈,结果完美解决,(Student要实现Serializable接口),代码如下:
public static <T> List<T> deepCopyList(List<T> src)
{
List<T> dest = null;
try
{
ByteArrayOutputStream byteOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(byteOut);
out.writeObject(src);
ByteArrayInputStream byteIn = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteOut.toByteArray());
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(byteIn);
dest = (List<T>) in.readObject();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return dest;
}
测试代码如下:
List<Student> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
list1.add(new Student(10,"若兰"));
list1.add(new Student(20,"如雪"));
list1.add(new Student(30,"弄玉"));
List<Student> list2 = new ArrayList<>(list1);
List<Student> list3 = new ArrayList<>();
for (Student str:list1) {
list3.add(str);
}
List<Student> list4 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(new Student[list1.size()]));
Collections.copy(list4,list1);
Student[] strs = new Student[list1.size()];
System.arraycopy(list1.toArray(), 0, strs, 0, list1.size());
List<Student> list5 = Arrays.asList(strs);
List<Student> list6 = (List<Student>) ((ArrayList<Student>) list1).clone();
List<Student> list7 = deepCopyList(list1);
list1.get(0).setName("琴烟");
list1.get(0).setAge(12);
list1.get(1).setName("寒梅");
list1.get(1).setAge(22);
System.out.println("list1: "+list1.toString());
System.out.println("list2: "+list2.toString());
System.out.println("list3: "+list3.toString());
System.out.println("list4: "+list4.toString());
System.out.println("list5: "+list5.toString());
System.out.println("list6: "+list6.toString());
System.out.println("list7: "+list7.toString());
输出结果:
list1: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list2: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list3: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list4: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list5: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list6: [Student(age=12, name=琴烟), Student(age=22, name=寒梅), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
list7: [Student(age=10, name=若兰), Student(age=20, name=如雪), Student(age=30, name=弄玉)]
前面五种全部失败,最后一种成功!