13、注解配置SpringMVC
使用配置类和注解代替web.xml
和SpringMVC
配置文件的功能
1、创建初始化类,代替web.xml
在Servlet3.0
环境中,容器会在类路径中查找实现javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer
接口的类, 如果找到的话就用它来配置Servlet
容器。 Spring
提供了这个接口的实现,名为SpringServletContainerInitializer
,这个类反过来又会查找实现WebApplicationInitializer
的类并将配置的任务交给它们来完成。Spring3.2引入了一个便利的WebApplicationInitializer
基础实现,名为 AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer
,当我们的类扩展了 AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer
并将其部署到Servlet3.0
容器的时候,容器会自动发现它,并用它来配置Servlet
上下文。
【WebInit.java】
//web工程的初始化类,用来代替web.xml
public class WebInit extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
/**
* 指定 spring的配置类
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
}
/**
* 指定 SpringMVC的配置类
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
/**
* 指定 DispatcherServlet的映射规则,即url-pattern
* @return
*/
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
/**
* 注册过滤器
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
characterEncodingFilter.setForceResponseEncoding(true);
HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
return new Filter[]{characterEncodingFilter, hiddenHttpMethodFilter};
}
}
2、创建SpringConfig
配置类,代替spring
的配置文件
【SpringConfig.java】
@Configuration
public class SpringConfig {
}
3、创建WebConfig
配置类,代替SpringMVC
的配置文件
【WebConfig.java】
/**
* 代替SpringMVC的配置文件:
* 1.扫描组件 2.视图解析器 3.view-controller 4.default-servlet-handler
* 5.mvc注解驱动 6.文件上传解析器 7.异常处理 8.拦截器
*/
//将当前类标识为一个配置类
@Configuration
//1.扫描组件
@ComponentScan("com.ssm.mvc.controller")
//5.mvc注解驱动
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
//4.default-servlet-handler
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.enable();
}
//8.拦截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
TestInterceptor testInterceptor = new TestInterceptor();
registry.addInterceptor(testInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");
}
//3.view-controller
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/hello").setViewName("hello");
}
//6.文件上传解析器
@Bean
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver() {
CommonsMultipartResolver commonsMultipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver();
return commonsMultipartResolver;
}
//7.异常处理
@Override
public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> resolvers) {
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver exceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException","error");
//设置异常映射
exceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(properties);
//设置共享异常信息的键
exceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("exception");
resolvers.add(exceptionResolver);
}
//2.视图解析器
//2-1.配置生成模板解析器
@Bean
public ITemplateResolver templateResolver() {
WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
//ServletContextTemplateResolver需要一个ServletContext作为构造参数,可通过webApplicationContext的方法获得
ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(webApplicationContext.getServletContext());
templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");
templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
return templateResolver;
}
//2-2.生成模板引擎并为模板引擎引入模板解析器
@Bean
public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ITemplateResolver templateResolver) {
SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
return templateEngine;
}
//2-3.生成视图解析器并为解析器注入模板引擎
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine) {
ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
return viewResolver;
}
}
4、测试功能——访问首页
@Controller
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index() {
return "index";
}
}