模式简介
代理模式给某一个对象提供一个代理对象,并由代理对象控制对原对象的引用。通俗的来讲代理模式就是我们生活中常见的中介。
- 中介隔离作用:在某些情况下,一个客户类不想或者不能直接引用一个委托对象,而代理类对象可以在客户类和委托对象之间起到中介的作用,其特征是代理类和委托类实现相同的接口。
- 开闭原则,增加功能:代理类除了是客户类和委托类的中介之外,我们还可以通过给代理类增加额外的功能来扩展委托类的功能,这样做我们只需要修改代理类而不需要再修改委托类,符合代码设计的开闭原则。代理类主要负责为委托类预处理消息、过滤消息、把消息转发给委托类,以及事后对返回结果的处理等。代理类本身并不真正实现服务,而是同过调用委托类的相关方法,来提供特定的服务。真正的业务功能还是由委托类来实现,但是可以在业务功能执行的前后加入一些公共的服务。例如我们想给项目加入缓存、日志这些功能,我们就可以使用代理类来完成,而没必要打开已经封装好的委托类。
模式实现
(1)代理类与委托类实现同一接口
(2)在委托类中实现功能,在代理类的方法中中引用委托类的同名方法
(3)外部类调用委托类某个方法时,直接以接口指向代理类的实例,这正是代理的意义所在:屏蔽。
代理模式应用场景
(1)当我们想要隐藏某个类时,可以为其提供代理类
(2)当一个类需要对不同的调用者提供不同的调用权限时,可以使用代理类来实现(代理类不一定只有一个,我们可以建立多个代理类来实现,也可以在一个代理类中金进行权限判断来进行不同权限的功能调用)
(3)当我们要扩展某个类的某个功能时,可以使用代理模式,在代理类中进行简单扩展(只针对简单扩展,可在引用委托类的语句之前与之后进行)
代理模式虽然实现了调用者与委托类之间的强耦合,但是却增加了代理类与委托类之间的强耦合(在代理类中显式调用委托类的方法),而且增加代理类之后明显会增加处理时间,拖慢处理时间。
UML类图
案例:小梅和小张都是小王的好朋友,但是小梅和小张不认识,小张无意间在小王的手机上见到了靓丽小梅,通过小王代送鲜花和巧克力表达爱意……
小梅(被追求者)
package com.codetears.ProxyPattern;
/**
* @author l'amour solitaire
* @description 小梅(被追求者)
* @date 2019/10/11 下午3:14
*/
public class XiaoMei {
// 姓名
private String name;
// 年龄
private Integer age;
public XiaoMei(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
隔壁小王(代理类)
package com.codetears.ProxyPattern;
/**
* @author l'amour solitaire
* @description 隔壁小王(代理类)
* @date 2019/10/11 下午3:25
*/
public class XiaoWang implements ShowWell {
XiaoZhang xiaoZhang;
public XiaoWang(XiaoMei xiaoMei) {
this.xiaoZhang = new XiaoZhang(xiaoMei);
}
@Override
public void sendFlowers() {
xiaoZhang.sendFlowers();
}
@Override
public void sendChocolate() {
xiaoZhang.sendChocolate();
}
}
小张(追求者)
package com.codetears.ProxyPattern;
/**
* @author l'amour solitaire
* @description 小张(追求者)
* @date 2019/10/11 下午3:20
*/
public class XiaoZhang implements ShowWell {
XiaoMei xiaoMei;
public XiaoZhang(XiaoMei xiaoMei) {
this.xiaoMei = xiaoMei;
}
@Override
public void sendFlowers() {
System.out.println(xiaoMei + "送你鲜花");
}
@Override
public void sendChocolate() {
System.out.println(xiaoMei + "送你巧克力");
}
}
示好行为
package com.codetears.ProxyPattern;
/**
* @author l'amour solitaire
* @description 示好
* @date 2019/10/11 下午3:16
*/
public interface ShowWell {
/**
* @author l'amour solitaire
* @description 送花
* @date 2019/10/11 下午3:17
*/
void sendFlowers();
/**
* @author l'amour solitaire
* @description 送巧克力
* @date 2019/10/11 下午3:18
*/
void sendChocolate();
}
Client
package com.codetears.ProxyPattern;
/**
* @Description 代理测试
* @Date 2019-05-13 10:27
* @Author l'amour solitaire
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
XiaoMei xiaoMei = new XiaoMei("小梅", 18);
XiaoWang xiaoWang = new XiaoWang(xiaoMei);
xiaoWang.sendFlowers();
xiaoWang.sendChocolate();
}
}
测试
package com.codetears.proxypattern;
/**
* @Description 代理测试
* @Date 2019-05-13 10:27
* @Author l'amour solitaire
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
XiaoMei xiaoMei = new XiaoMei("小梅", 18);
XiaoWang xiaoWang = new XiaoWang(xiaoMei);
xiaoWang.sendFlowers();
xiaoWang.sendChocolate();
}
}
运行结果
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:55075,suspend=y,server=n -javaagent:/Users/mayunkun/Library/Caches/IntelliJIdea2019.2/captureAgent/debugger-agent.jar -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/ant-javafx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-mx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/jconsole.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/packager.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/sa-jdi.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_221.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Users/mayunkun/work/git/design-patterns/target/classes:/Users/mayunkun/.m2/repository/com/alibaba/fastjson/1.2.59/fastjson-1.2.59.jar:/Users/mayunkun/.m2/repository/io/vavr/vavr/1.0.0-alpha-3/vavr-1.0.0-alpha-3.jar:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar" com.codetears.ProxyPattern.Client
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:55075', transport: 'socket'
com.codetears.ProxyPattern.XiaoMei@7b1d7fff送你鲜花
com.codetears.ProxyPattern.XiaoMei@7b1d7fff送你巧克力
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:55075', transport: 'socket'
Process finished with exit code 0
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