Android 音乐播放简介

以android5.0/5/1 (Lolliop)为例

1. App layer

packages/apps/Music/src/com/android/music

重要文件AudioPreview.java

这里主要调用MediaPlayer的一些函数和AudioManager的函数

如MediaPlayer的

mPlayer.start();
mPlayer.pause();
mPlayer.isPlaying()
mPlayer.getDuration()
mPlayer.getCurrentPosition()
mPlayer.seekTo(progress);
mPlayer.setDataSource()

AudioManager的

mAudioManager.requestAudioFocus

mAudioManager.abandonAudioFocus

如下代码

class PreviewPlayer extends MediaPlayer 
    private void start() {
       mAudioManager.requestAudioFocus(mAudioFocusListener, AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC,
                AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN_TRANSIENT);
        mPlayer.start();
        mProgressRefresher.postDelayed(new ProgressRefresher(), 200);
    }

常规调用
private MediaPlayer mp = new MediaPlayer();
mp.setDataSource("/sdcard/test.mp3");
mp.prepare();
mp.start();

prepare()和prepareAsync()  
提供了同步和异步两种方式设置播放器进入prepare状态

如果MediaPlayer实例是由create方法创建的，那么第一次启动播放前不需要再调用prepare（）了，因为create()实现里已经调用过了。

MediaPlayer要播放的文件主要包括3个来源：
a. 用户在应用中事先自带的resource资源
例如：MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.test);
b. 存储在SD卡或其他文件路径下的媒体文件
例如：mp.setDataSource("/sdcard/test.mp3");
c. 网络上的媒体文件
例如：mp.setDataSource("http://xxx.yyy.com/test.mp3");

需要监听的listener
 setOnCompletionListener(MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener listener)、
 setOnErrorListener(MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener listener)

2.  frameworks/base

frameworks/base/media/java/android/media/MediaPlayer.java

JNI

frameworks/base/media/jni/android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp

3. frameworks/av/media/libmedia

target: system/lib/libmedia.so

mediaplayer.cpp, IMediaPlayer.cpp
frameworks/av/include/media/mediaplayer.h

IMediaPlayer.h实现MediaPlayer功能的接口。
在IMediaPlayer类中，主要定义MediaPlayer的功能接口，这个类必须被继承才能够使用。

IMediaPlayer.cpp
status_t start()
  {
      Parcel data, reply;
      data.writeInterfaceToken(IMediaPlayer::getInterfaceDescriptor());
      remote()->transact(START, data, &reply);
      return reply.readInt32();
  }
   case START: {
          CHECK_INTERFACE(IMediaPlayer, data, reply);
          reply->writeInt32(start());
          return NO_ERROR;
      } break;

4. frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice

target: system/lib/libmediaplayerservice.so

MediaPlayerFactory.cpp MediaPlayerService.cpp
StagefrightPlayer.cpp  nuplayer/NuPlayer.cpp MidiFile.cpp DLNAStagefrightPlayer.cpp HDCP.cpp  TestPlayerStub.cpp   

enum player_type {
  PV_PLAYER = 1,
  SONIVOX_PLAYER = 2,
  STAGEFRIGHT_PLAYER = 3,
  NU_PLAYER = 4,
  // Test players are available only in the 'test' and 'eng' builds.
  // The shared library with the test player is passed passed as an
  // argument to the 'test:' url in the setDataSource call.
  TEST_PLAYER = 5,
  DLNA_PLAYER = 1001,
  DTCPIP_PLAYER = 1002,
};

在MediaPlayerService::Client中的setDataSource，会根据播放文件的类型选择合适的播放器。

setDataSource_pre会调用createPlayer()，然后调用MediaPlayerFactory::createPlayer(playerType, this, notify)，返回播放器的实例。


    player_type playerType = MediaPlayerFactory::getPlayerType(this,
                                                               fd,
                                                               offset,
                                                               length);
                                                               
    sp<MediaPlayerBase> p = setDataSource_pre(playerType);
    
 在setDataSource_pre中接着new AudioOutput，最后一句把mAudioOutput传到MediaPlayerInterface中，
 又因为播放器都是从类MediaPlayerInterface中继承而来，
 比如class StagefrightPlayer : public MediaPlayerInterface，
 所以播放器可以通过这个来操作AudioOutput里的函数。
 AudioOutput里的函数大都通过AudioTrack的函数来操作，
 AudioTrack是在status_t MediaPlayerService::AudioOutput::open(...)这个函数里new出来的。


    if (!p->hardwareOutput()) {
        mAudioOutput = new AudioOutput(mAudioSessionId);
        static_cast<MediaPlayerInterface*>(p.get())->setAudioSink(mAudioOutput);
    }

setDataSource(Context context, Uri uri)        MediaPlayer.java
  setDataSource(Context context, Uri uri, Map<String, String> headers)
    setDataSource(FileDescriptor fd)
      setDataSource(FileDescriptor fd, long offset, long length)
         MediaPlayer::setDataSource(int fd, int64_t offset, int64_t length)  MediaPlayer.cpp
           BpMediaPlayer::setDataSource(int fd, int64_t offset, int64_t length)  ImediaPlayer.cpp
             case SET_DATA_SOURCE_FD  BnMediaPlayer::onTransact
                MediaPlayerService::Client::setDataSource(int fd, int64_t offset, int64_t length) MediaPlayerService.cpp
                   playerType = MediaPlayerFactory::getPlayerType();
                   sp<MediaPlayerBase> p = setDataSource_pre(playerType);
                      sp<MediaPlayerBase> p = createPlayer(playerType);
                          MediaPlayerFactory::createPlayer(playerType, this, notify);
                       mAudioOutput = new AudioOutput()
                       static_cast<MediaPlayerInterface*>(p.get())->setAudioSink(mAudioOutput);
                   setDataSource_post(p, p->setDataSource(fd, offset, length));
         attachNewPlayer(player);
 
prepareAsync  MediaPlayer.java
 prepareAsync  MediaPlayer.cpp
   MediaPlayer::prepareAsync_l()
     mPlayer->prepareAsync()
       BpMediaPlayer::prepareAsync  IMediaPlayer.cpp
         case PREPARE_ASYNC  BnMediaPlayer::onTransact
           p->prepareAsync();   MediaPlayerService.cpp
              NuPlayerDriver::prepareAsync()  NuPlayer.cpp
                NuPlayer::GenericSource::prepareAsync()  GenericSource.cpp
              StagefrightPlayer::prepareAsync()   StagefrightPlayer.cpp  
                AwesomePlayer::prepareAsync()   AwesomePlayer.cpp
   MediaPlayer::notify(MEDIA_PREPARED)   MediaPlayer.cpp


start  MediaPlayer.java
  start  MediaPlayer.cpp
     BpMediaPlayer::start  IMediaPlayer.cpp
       case START  BnMediaPlayer::onTransact    IMediaPlayer.cpp
          start   MediaPlayerService.java
            start   NuPlayerDriver.java
              start  GenericSource.java
        
        
MediaPlayerService.cpp        
sp<MediaPlayerBase> MediaPlayerService::Client::setDataSource_pre(
        player_type playerType)
{
    ALOGV("player type = %d", playerType);

    // create the right type of player
    sp<MediaPlayerBase> p = createPlayer(playerType);
    if (p == NULL) {
        return p;
    }


    if (!p->hardwareOutput()) {
        mAudioOutput = new AudioOutput(mAudioSessionId, IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid(),
                mPid, mAudioAttributes);
        static_cast<MediaPlayerInterface*>(p.get())->setAudioSink(mAudioOutput);
    }
    return p;
}        


status_t MediaPlayerService::AudioOutput::open(...)
{ ...
  t = new AudioTrack(...)
...
}

status_t MediaPlayerService::AudioOutput::start()
{
    ALOGV("start");
    if (mCallbackData != NULL) {
        mCallbackData->endTrackSwitch();
    }
    if (mTrack != 0) {
        mTrack->setVolume(mLeftVolume, mRightVolume);
        mTrack->setAuxEffectSendLevel(mSendLevel);
        return mTrack->start();
    }
    return NO_INIT;
}

ssize_t MediaPlayerService::AudioOutput::write(const void* buffer, size_t size)
{
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mCallback != NULL, "Don't call write if supplying a callback.");
    //ALOGV("write(%p, %u)", buffer, size);
    if (mTrack != 0) {
        ssize_t ret = mTrack->write(buffer, size);
        if (ret >= 0) {
            mBytesWritten += ret;
        }
        return ret;
    }
    return NO_INIT;
}

AudioSink: AudioOutput:write 

  AudioTrack::write()
     AudioFlinger: MixerThread::threadLoop_write
        PlaybackThread::threadLoop_write mNormalSink->write

5. frameworks/av/media/mediaserver

target: system/bin/mediaserver

main_mediaserver.cpp
main_mediaserver.cpp是Mediaplayer Server启动的主程序，涉及AudioFlinger()、AudioPolicyService()、MediaPlayerService()的加载。
    AudioFlinger::instantiate();
    MediaPlayerService::instantiate();
    CameraService::instantiate();
    AudioPolicyService::instantiate();
    SoundTriggerHwService::instantiate();

播放流程如下：
Java端发起调用，MediaPlayer会转至MediaPlayerService,
然后会调用相应的解码工具解码后创建AudioTrack，
所有待输出的AudioTrack在AudioFlinger::AudioMixer里合成，
然后通过AudioHAL(AudioHardwareInterface的实际实现者)传至实际的硬件来实现播放    

5. reference link:

http://yangguangfu.iteye.com/blog/699000

http://blog.csdn.net/gouboft/article/details/14126859

http://www.bkjia.com/Androidjc/866420.html

http://blog.csdn.net/myarrow/article/details/7036955