PageRank-Spark

PageRank measures the importance of each vertex in a graph, assuming an edge from u to v represents an endorsement of v’s importance by u. For example, if a Twitter user is followed by many others, the user will be ranked highly.

GraphX comes with static and dynamic implementations of PageRank as methods on the PageRank object. Static PageRank runs for a fixed number of iterations, while dynamic PageRank runs until the ranks converge (i.e., stop changing by more than a specified tolerance). GraphOpsallows calling these algorithms directly as methods on Graph.

GraphX also includes an example social network dataset that we can run PageRank on. A set of users is given in data/graphx/users.txt, and a set of relationships between users is given in data/graphx/followers.txt. We compute the PageRank of each user as follows:

import org.apache.spark.graphx.GraphLoader

// Load the edges as a graph
val graph = GraphLoader.edgeListFile(sc, "data/graphx/followers.txt")
// Run PageRank
val ranks = graph.pageRank(0.0001).vertices
// Join the ranks with the usernames
val users = sc.textFile("data/graphx/users.txt").map { line =>
  val fields = line.split(",")
  (fields(0).toLong, fields(1))
}
val ranksByUsername = users.join(ranks).map {
  case (id, (username, rank)) => (username, rank)
}
// Print the result
println(ranksByUsername.collect().mkString("\n"))

Find full example code at "examples/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/examples/graphx/PageRankExample.scala" in the Spark repo.

Connected Components

The connected components algorithm labels each connected component of the graph with the ID of its lowest-numbered vertex. For example, in a social network, connected components can approximate clusters. GraphX contains an implementation of the algorithm in the ConnectedComponentsobject, and we compute the connected components of the example social network dataset from the PageRank section as follows:

import org.apache.spark.graphx.GraphLoader

// Load the graph as in the PageRank example
val graph = GraphLoader.edgeListFile(sc, "data/graphx/followers.txt")
// Find the connected components
val cc = graph.connectedComponents().vertices
// Join the connected components with the usernames
val users = sc.textFile("data/graphx/users.txt").map { line =>
  val fields = line.split(",")
  (fields(0).toLong, fields(1))
}
val ccByUsername = users.join(cc).map {
  case (id, (username, cc)) => (username, cc)
}
// Print the result
println(ccByUsername.collect().mkString("\n"))

Find full example code at "examples/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/examples/graphx/ConnectedComponentsExample.scala" in the Spark repo.

Triangle Counting

A vertex is part of a triangle when it has two adjacent vertices with an edge between them. GraphX implements a triangle counting algorithm in the TriangleCount object that determines the number of triangles passing through each vertex, providing a measure of clustering. We compute the triangle count of the social network dataset from the PageRank section. Note that TriangleCount requires the edges to be in canonical orientation (srcId < dstId) and the graph to be partitioned using Graph.partitionBy.

import org.apache.spark.graphx.{GraphLoader, PartitionStrategy}

// Load the edges in canonical order and partition the graph for triangle count
val graph = GraphLoader.edgeListFile(sc, "data/graphx/followers.txt", true)
  .partitionBy(PartitionStrategy.RandomVertexCut)
// Find the triangle count for each vertex
val triCounts = graph.triangleCount().vertices
// Join the triangle counts with the usernames
val users = sc.textFile("data/graphx/users.txt").map { line =>
  val fields = line.split(",")
  (fields(0).toLong, fields(1))
}
val triCountByUsername = users.join(triCounts).map { case (id, (username, tc)) =>
  (username, tc)
}
// Print the result
println(triCountByUsername.collect().mkString("\n"))

Find full example code at "examples/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/examples/graphx/TriangleCountingExample.scala" in the Spark repo.

Examples

Suppose I want to build a graph from some text files, restrict the graph to important relationships and users, run page-rank on the sub-graph, and then finally return attributes associated with the top users. I can do all of this in just a few lines with GraphX:

import org.apache.spark.graphx.GraphLoader

// Load my user data and parse into tuples of user id and attribute list
val users = (sc.textFile("data/graphx/users.txt")
  .map(line => line.split(",")).map( parts => (parts.head.toLong, parts.tail) ))

// Parse the edge data which is already in userId -> userId format
val followerGraph = GraphLoader.edgeListFile(sc, "data/graphx/followers.txt")

// Attach the user attributes
val graph = followerGraph.outerJoinVertices(users) {
  case (uid, deg, Some(attrList)) => attrList
  // Some users may not have attributes so we set them as empty
  case (uid, deg, None) => Array.empty[String]
}

// Restrict the graph to users with usernames and names
val subgraph = graph.subgraph(vpred = (vid, attr) => attr.size == 2)

// Compute the PageRank
val pagerankGraph = subgraph.pageRank(0.001)

// Get the attributes of the top pagerank users
val userInfoWithPageRank = subgraph.outerJoinVertices(pagerankGraph.vertices) {
  case (uid, attrList, Some(pr)) => (pr, attrList.toList)
  case (uid, attrList, None) => (0.0, attrList.toList)
}

println(userInfoWithPageRank.vertices.top(5)(Ordering.by(_._2._1)).mkString("\n"))