R语言学习笔记（10）——数组

创建数组

数组是可以在两个以上维度中存储数据的R数据对象，但数组只能存储数据类型。
使用array()函数创建数组。 它使用向量作为输入，并使用dim参数中的值创建数组。
示例：
输入：

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)

# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
print(result)

输出：

, , 1

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    5   10   13
[2,]    9   11   14
[3,]    3   12   15

, , 2

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    5   10   13
[2,]    9   11   14
[3,]    3   12   15

命名列和行

通过使用dimnames参数给数组中的行、列和矩阵命名。
示例：
输入：

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3")
row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3")
matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2")

# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,column.names,
   matrix.names))
print(result)

输出：

, , Matrix1

     COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1    5   10   13
ROW2    9   11   14
ROW3    3   12   15

, , Matrix2

     COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1    5   10   13
ROW2    9   11   14
ROW3    3   12   15

注：
dimnames参数必须是一个列表。

访问数组元素

示例：
输入：

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3")
row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3")
matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2")

# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,
   column.names, matrix.names))

# Print the third row of the second matrix of the array.
print(result[3,,2])

# Print the element in the 1st row and 3rd column of the 1st matrix.
print(result[1,3,1])

# Print the 2nd Matrix.
print(result[,,2])

输出：

COL1 COL2 COL3 
   3   12   15 
[1] 13
     COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1    5   10   13
ROW2    9   11   14
ROW3    3   12   15

操作数组元素

由于数组由多维构成矩阵，所以对数组元素的操作通过访问矩阵的元素来执行。
示例：
输入：

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)

# Take these vectors as input to the array.
array1 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector3 <- c(9,1,0)
vector4 <- c(6,0,11,3,14,1,2,6,9)
array2 <- array(c(vector3,vector4),dim = c(3,3,2))

# create matrices from these arrays.
matrix1 <- array1[,,2]
matrix2 <- array2[,,2]

# Add the matrices.
result <- matrix1+matrix2
print(result)

输出：

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    7   19   19
[2,]   15   12   14
[3,]   12   12   26

跨数组元素计算

使用apply()函数在数组中的元素上进行计算。
语法：

apply(x, margin, fun)

x：一个数组
margin：所使用的数组数据集的名称
fun：要应用于数组元素的函数
示例：
输入：

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)

# Take these vectors as input to the array.
new.array <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
print(new.array)

# Use apply to calculate the sum of the rows across all the matrices.
result <- apply(new.array, c(1), sum)
print(result)

输出：

, , 1

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    5   10   13
[2,]    9   11   14
[3,]    3   12   15

, , 2

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    5   10   13
[2,]    9   11   14
[3,]    3   12   15

[1] 56 68 60

注：
示例中apply()函数中参数的 c(1) 可写成 1 ，表示按行进行计算，若为 c(2) 或 2 则表示按列进行计算，若为 c(3) 或 3 则表示按二维矩阵进行计算，以此类推。