numpy 拷贝和视图

视图或浅拷贝

不同的数组对象可以共享相同的数据。该view方法创建一个查看相同数据的新数组对象。

>>> c = a.view()
>>> c is a
False
>>> c.base is a                        # c is a view of the data owned by a
True
>>> c.flags.owndata
False
>>>
>>> c.shape = 2,6                      # a's shape doesn't change
>>> a.shape
(3, 4)
>>> c[0,4] = 1234                      # a's data changes
>>> a
array([[   0,    1,    2,    3],
       [1234,    5,    6,    7],
       [   8,    9,   10,   11]])

切片数组会返回一个视图：

>>> s = a[ : , 1:3]     # spaces added for clarity; could also be written "s = a[:,1:3]"
>>> s[:] = 10           # s[:] is a view of s. Note the difference between s=10 and s[:]=10
>>> a
array([[   0,   10,   10,    3],
       [1234,   10,   10,    7],
       [   8,   10,   10,   11]])

#深拷贝
该copy方法生成数组及其数据的完整副本。

>>> d = a.copy()                          # a new array object with new data is created
>>> d is a
False
>>> d.base is a                           # d doesn't share anything with a
False
>>> d[0,0] = 9999
>>> a
array([[   0,   10,   10,    3],
       [1234,   10,   10,    7],
       [   8,   10,   10,   11]])

有时，如果不再需要原始数组，则应在切片后调用 copy。例如，假设a是一个巨大的中间结果，最终结果b只包含a的一小部分，那么在用切片构造b时应该做一个深拷贝：

>>> a = np.arange(int(1e8))
>>> b = a[:100].copy()
>>> del a  # the memory of ``a`` can be released.

如果改为使用 b = a[:100]，则 a 由 b 引用，并且即使执行 del a 也会在内存中持久存在。