Maven学习笔记———《Mac 上maven安装、配置及常用命令》

Maven是一个采用纯Java编写的开 源项目管理工具。Maven采用了一种被称之为project object model (POM)概念来管理项目，所有的项目配置信息都被定义在一个叫做pom.xml的文件中，通过该文件，Maven可以管理项目的整个声明周期，包括编译，构建，测试，发布，报告等等。目前Apache下绝大多数项目都已经采用Maven进行管理。而Maven本身还支持多种插件，可以方便更灵活的控制项目。 
安装步骤：

1、下载maven：

到http://maven.apache.org/download.html下载最新版本 Maven 3.3.1 (即apache-maven-3.3.1-bin.zip) 

 

2、解压到指定路径: 

例如：/users/lichengjin/maven/,解压后的文件夹内容如下：

 

3、配置环境变量 

   打开终端输入：vi ~/.bash_profile

   添加如下内容：

   export MAVEN_HOME=/Users/lichengjin/maven/

   exportPATH=$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$PATH

   保存后推出并输入：source ~/.bash_profile

4、验证安装是否成功 

在命令行上输入 ： mvn -version或者mvn -v; 回车，如看到下面信息表示安装成功：

Apache Maven 3.3.1 (cab6659f9874fa96462afef40fcf6bc033d58c1c; 2015-03-14T04:10:27+08:00)
Maven home: /Users/lichengjin/maven
Java version: 1.8.0_20, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_20.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "10.10.3", arch: "x86_64", family: "mac" 

5、建项目 
在命令行上输入 ：mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app -DartifactId=my-app 回车，提示输入直接按回车
如果你是首次运行该命令，maven将要花一些时间去把最新的工具包(Maven 把它叫作artifacts)下载到你的本地仓库。 

[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: /Users/lichengjin
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.mycompany.app
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.mycompany.app
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: my-app
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.mycompany.app
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: /Users/lichengjin/my-app
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 49.819 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2015-04-20T20:08:54+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 17M/309M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

命令执行完后你将看到maven生成了一个名为my-app的目录，这个名字就是你在命令中指定的artifactId,进入该目录，你将发现以下标准的项目结构： 

 

其中:src/main/java 目录包含了项目的源代码，src/test/java 目录包含了项目的测试代码，pom.xml是项目的项目对象模型（Project Object Model or POM）。 
6、POM 

pom.xml文件是maven对一个项目的核心配置，这个文件将包含你希望如何构建项目的大多数配置信息。POM大而复杂，但你不用全部去了解，只要使用一些常用的配置就可以了。下面列出这个POM的内容：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>


  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>


  <name>my-app</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>


  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>


  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project> 

常用命令

首先在命令行上下切换到项目路径，输入 ： cd my-app 回车，进入到项目路径下 

打包项目：

mvn package
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/lichengjin/my-app/target/my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 57.534 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2015-04-20T20:26:25+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 17M/183M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
你可以使用以下的命令来测试新编译和打包出来的jar包 

java -cp target/my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.mycompany.app.App

这时将打印出最经典的：
Hello World!

编译命令：

mvn compile

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building my-app 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ my-app ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/lichengjin/my-app/src/main/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ my-app ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.539 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2015-04-20T20:37:54+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 7M/245M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

单元测试：

mvn test

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building my-app 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ my-app ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/lichengjin/my-app/src/main/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ my-app ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ my-app ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/lichengjin/my-app/src/test/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ my-app ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ my-app ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: /Users/lichengjin/my-app/target/surefire-reports


-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.mycompany.app.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.005 sec


Results :


Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0


[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.917 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2015-04-20T20:40:41+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 10M/309M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

安装命令：

mvn clean install

会把生成的jar打包到MAVEN的本地仓库中 

[INFO] Installing /Users/lichengjin/my-app/target/my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to /Users/lichengjin/.m2/repository/com/mycompany/app/my-app/1.0-SNAPSHOT/my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing /Users/lichengjin/my-app/pom.xml to /Users/lichengjin/.m2/repository/com/mycompany/app/my-app/1.0-SNAPSHOT/my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 6.174 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2015-04-20T20:41:56+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 22M/304M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

清理命令：

mvn clean
清除产生的项目

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building my-app 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ my-app ---
[INFO] Deleting /Users/lichengjin/my-app/target
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.194 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2015-04-20T20:47:56+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 7M/245M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------